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TUImSDAY, MARCH aOth, 1950 TEE CANADIMI STATESMAN, BOWMANVTLLE. ONTABTO PAGE NINE Dowmanville's Oldesi Industry Operated for Over a Century by qfhe Well Known Vanstone Family Although the people of Bow- manville have often passed the trame structure nestling by Van- stone's Pond, it la probable that iew of thcm know wliat goca on Inside the Vanstone Flour and Feed Mll. If you have wondered wherc the water goes from the litge pond which backs up far past the raiiroad bridge, read on. The Vanstone story began in Canada in 1842 when Samuel Vanstone arrived in Darlington Trownship. He purchased a flour mil and a general store at Ty- rone. His son, Jabez. bought the Bowmanville miil in 1886. It was at this point that the evolution of the present mili began. From Mllstones to Rollers ~t that time ail flour and feed sground between the old- 'shioned miii stones. But some ingenlous inventor had discovered that wheat couid be cruslied and separated with the aid of roilers, and that an infinitely greater Volume of grain could lie handled in the same amount of time. Neyer far behind the forefront of deveiopment in the milling in- dustry, the Vanstones. Jabez, this time, instailed a compiete set of roller milis. During the period that followed there were num- erous milîs which stiil used the stone grinders. Therefore it lie- came necessary to distinguisli le- tween "'stone flour" and "roller flour." "'Roller Flour" Arrives Hunt's stores still advertise bread made from tone ground fleur. But aimoat all flour used on the present day market la refined by the use of the roller znil. About 20 years before this the 'Vanstones liad changed the means of producing the power for the plant from a water wlieel to a water turbine. Barber's Creek, which forma the pond which feeda the turbine which turns the shafts which run the mils in the Vanstone building is the source of the Vanstone livelibood. Ini Step With the Tines. The creek la the reason wliy. in an age when most small mills are succumbing to the more modern machinery and methoda of the larger milis, the Vanstone mili continues to operate in competi- tion with tliem ail. Cbeap power, liowever, is not the only reason the Vanstone firm continues to be successful. Modern business me- thods. combined with a close eye on the markets and on improve- ments in production, have sus- tained the vigor of the company. The turbine is fed by a pipe which is five feet in diameter. Since the drop through the con- duit is about 25 feet before the water reaches the vanes, it is said that there is a 25 foot head driving the turbine. The tur- bine rotates at 170 r.p.m., and wlien operating at peak efficiency produces 150 horse power. 25-Foot Head The head depends not only on the depth of the drop, but also on the amount of water stored up in the dam. Sometimes in mid- summer the potential force is greatly reduced by the reduction of water in the pond. It miglit seem strange to a per- son flot acquainted with the force of water that a five foot jet could drive the enormous amount of machinery boused in the mili. But a trip through the plant would show the power from the turbine shaft being converted into the strengtli which operates the countiesa pulleys, and makes the I For Better Farming You need a tractor to cut down on your labour eosts and to increase your farm's productivity. if you want one or your old tractor has ceased to be efficient corne in and let us look after your needs. We have a line of new Case tractors and in addition we have sonie good reconditioned tractors. - WE CAN ARRANGE TERMS FOR YOU - For a Square Deal Sec Us A W. H. BROWN . DEALER FOR Case Farm Machlnery - Firestone Tires DeLaval Mlkers and Separators Beatty Bros. Stable Equlpment KING ST. W. PHONE 497 MEMBER 0F O.R.F.E.D.A. Byron Vanstone structure vibrate with the of it. F. C. Vanstone force1 Century-Old Beams The same timbers wliicli held the building erec't at the time of its construction in 1849 are serv- ing as the foundation for the present structure. Axe-hewn beama over a foot square give the ancient freme its enduring strength. At many pointa the horizontal beama are joined to the vertical witb inch thîck wood- en pega. At the present time, moat big flour milîs use electricity, and most amaîl ones use Diesel. But the Vanstones continue with tlieir water macbinery. Wlien asked why they didn't convert their machinery to electricai, they an- swered that tliere la no need for it. Tliey have ail tlie power they require for the size of the busi- ness and it la tlie cheapeat avail- eble. Fred C. Vanstone Advises Aithougli the business lias been sold to has sons, Morley and By- ron, father Fred C. Vanstone stili visita the office to give the firm the benefit of has vast store of experience. Byron remarked that bis father knows more about the plant then lie can imagine. The Vanstonea are the adminis- trators of the plant. But they don't hesitate to attack any breakdowns in the machinery wlien they occur. The employeca are competent to make most of the repaira, but the guiding hand of the Venstonea la aiwayz there to ensure that the work la carried out with the utmost efficiency. What Happens in Mill Foilowing la a brief break- down of the processes tlirough which the grain goea when it la delivered to the door of the miii. Firat it passes througli tiec ean- ers and scourers. A fan draws off moat of the loose cliaff thet re- mains. A moisture bath la given to the liard western wlieat, ai- though the eestern la too soft for this procedure. From there it goes to the break rolîs wliere it is ground into flour, bran, shorts, middlings end germ. It passes through severel break rolis, each time aiso passing tlirough a sifter which selecta the material and distributes it into bran bina, flour bina, etc. Flour coming from the firat time through the break rolîs la consid- ered to lie of the higlicat quality. Break RoIls and Bins The break rolla look lîke the wringers of a washing machine,I and crush the grains between their rougi surfaces. The cruslied grain descends by elevator to the basement from wliere it ascends to the second tory to enter the bolder, or sifter. The sifter la a cylinder divided like a piece of pie into sections. Tie grain leaves one set cf break rouas to go to one section of the sifter. The bran is tapped off at one level, the middlings at anotlier, and the white flour at anotier, etc. Some grain passes Ahl flour shipped to England must be vitamin-enriched. But it la forbidden by law to enrici Cenadian-consumed flour. For the government has apparentiy satisfied itaeif thet enriching edda nothing to the wlieet that la not elready there. Enniched bread that la soid through. the stores lias been vitaminized not in the flour milla but by the bread companies themacîves. Aithougli the Vanatones take advantage of nature in using the naturai supply of power stored up in the miii pond, they are not without worry on that account. Nature la a splendid heip but also a great source of trouble. Danger of Floods Every Spring when flood time comes aiong the Vanstones keep close watch on the level of the water in the pond. There la al- ways the danger of fiooding, and some one bas to lie on band to remove the sections of the flood gate to ellow the excess to run of f.1 When tic designers built the dam tliey expected thet haif the existing flood gate wouid hendie the danger possibiy arising from flooding. On three occasions in the past sixty years this planning lias proven to be inadequate. Creek on Rampage In 1890 ail the bridges over Barber's creek were washed out, including ihe dam wail. Barber's creek begins about fifteen miles from the Vanstone miii, and the rush of weter becomes great as it nears the leke. Another wasliout occurred an- ound 1912. In 1936 and 1937 the water rose to tlie top of the dam in spite of the faet that ail the f lood gates were removed. For a time tlie water spiiled over the top of the retaining wall. It ia evident from this that ai- though naturel water power la cheap it lias its disadivantages. Repafrs to Turbine Wlienever the Vanstones wish to enter the turbine room to make repaira they have te walk down the five foot tube fromn the top of the dam. There la no other way into the steel encased wheei. Morley aays lielias to bend over somewiat to make tlie passage. If you survey tie wheei house from the dlam or the bridge you wiil see that tic structure ia far higlier than is needed to house the turbine. This la because about a century ago a vertical wicel filled the annex. Thc first tur- bine was instailed somewliere around 1870, and tlie second around 1893. This means thet the present turbine is in use after 56 years of service. It lias been overhauied onlv once, and that took place in 1936 wlien a new shaft and new bearings were inatalied. "Mill-Race" and "Tai-Race" The valley formed beiow the mniii actually lias two streema, one being the tail-race ieaving the oLitlet of the turbine, and the other leaving the flood gates. TheÀ - 1Iý Morley Vanstone pond la almost a haif mile long, and is bisected in the mjddle by the jutting embankments formed by the Canadian Pacific Railway bridge. The dam is about fifteen feet deep, although there lias been considerable silting over a period of years. If you wonder how a pipe ful l f water can run the numerous machines in the mill, stop for a moment wben crosaing the bridge formed by No. 2 higli- way and watch the swirl of water leaving the outlet. Muscle-Power Elevators The improvement of methoda of liandling the grain has enabied the Vanstones over the years toi keep up with the more modemn milis. Almoat a century ago thie Vanstones used to carry sacks of grain on their backs up the steep stepa leading from the basement. The grain would fall there through pipes, and since there were no elevators at the time, al the material lied to lie carried Up to the sifters by sheer muscle. The elevetors came in around 1890. The grain is lifted by a chain of amali platforms, about nine inches or so square. "They grew men in those days," remeark- cd Morley when discussing the human elevators. "Custom Ground" Grain The roller milla xvhich now crush the Vanstone grain were installcd in the late 1800's. There has beexi no need for change aince the principle of refining grain lias not noticeably changed. Therc have been changea in the details, but not in the over-ail metliod. When the atone grinders were used, the farmer would brîng in has grain to bave it custom ground, The ýdd pestiferous farmer wauld ask the miii to chop and mix some feed for hlm. But it was not the prectice for the mili owners of the time to bother with the feed trade. Feed Business Inereases Now the situation la almoat compietely reversed. Flour lias beceme the secondary function of the miii, and the feed business bas grown to firat importance. Custom grinding lias given way to general milling, which gives the formner as mucli as lie put into the miii, but not necesaeily the samne grain. At present tlie miii is proceas- ing and seliing about 800 barrels of produce per montli. During the latter part of the war the Vanstones were turning out about 1500 barreis per week. This xas done by maintaining a 24-hour shift. A 24-liour shift cannot be main- tained through the Summer since the dry season makes it neceasary to allow the dam to fi up at night to run the miil the foilowing day. But in Spring there la more power by far tien is needed. Sucli is the fascineting story of Bowmenville's oldeat industry opereted for over a century by thc Vanatone family. Hold Holstein Championship Show At Peterborough At a recent meeting of direct- ors cf tic Hoistein-Friesian As- sociation of Canada from the East-Central Ontarlo district, it was decided to aga'in this year hold tic district Championship Show et Peterboro. The date lias not definiteiy been set as yet but it wiii probably lie around tic middle of October. J. D. Innes, Woodstock. wiii lie the judge. The ten counties covered by the Peterboro Chempionship Show are York, Simcoe, Ontario, - Vic- toria, Durham, Northumberland, Peterboro, Hastings, Prince Ed- ward and Lennox and Addington. It is expected that tic Eastern Ontario Championship Show wil egain lie held in connection with Ottawa Winter Fair. If suitable arrangements can be made tic West-Central Ontario Champiion- slip Show wil libe heid at tie C.N.E. which siould once ageiný restore tic Holstein exhibit atI the C.N.E. to its prewar position! as tic largeat on tic continent.1 The location and date o0 the Western Ontario Chempionshii Show lias not yet been decided. 1 The grant from tic Association to each of the four Chempionshîp Shows lias been incrcased from $625 offered lest year to $1,000. A izrant of $100 eacl islabcing of- fered by tic Association to Coun- ty Black and White Deya, of whi,,h there werc 40 in Ontario last yea.r. Ontario Experimental Station Gives Advice on Scheduled Pea Planting PART IHl Those growers who wish furth- er information on the mechanica of applying "Hat Units" in sched- uling the planting of peas may find the following illustration of intereat. Daily heat units are calculated as follows: Take the daiiy mean temperature, (i.e. the bigh plus low, divided by two), subtract the number of hours in the day). If for example at planting time April 20 the daily mean tempera- turc is 44 degrees F. the accumu- lation of beat units for that day would be (44-40) x 24 equals 96. Accumulated heat units for each planting are determined by simply adding the heat units accumulated each day following sowing. If for any day the daily mean temperature is iower than 40 degrees F. no heat units wili be accumulated that day. If at harvest time, say June 25, the daily mean temperature is 68 degrees F. the accumulated beat units for that day would bie (68-40) x 24 equais 672. From these data it will be seen that one day at liarvest time with a mean temperature of 68 degrees F. contributes heat units equiva- lent to that accumulated during seven days at planting time with an average temperature of 44 degrees F. This illustration wilI serve to emphasize the need for accurate records to lie maintained if ad- vantage is to lie taken of "heat units" in reducing or eliminating glut pea liarvests. In this con- nection thermometers must be strategicaily located in production areas and boused in structures such as are used by the Dominion Meterological Service. Data bas- ed upon thermometers piaced on fence poats or factory buildings are not dependable since expos- ure to sun and wind as well as the heiglit at which the thermomn- eter is placed will greatiy affect the temperature readings. The three articles in which scheduled planting of peas bas been discussed were, of course, intended for the information rather than for the guidance of growers. Planting sche d u i e s must lie drawn up and super- vised by processors who exercise strict over-ail control of planting. It la customary for processors who schedule the planting of their pea &reage to have studied meteorological records and to have calculated the heat units for ecd day cluring the pea growing season over a period of twenty-five yers or more. From these data a curve can lie plotted to show the development of the crop in a normal year. By com- parmng thîs curve .with that for any given reason as it develops processors can readily see how closely the harvest la following the normal pattern. Where scheduled planting is most successfully practised, pro- cessors do not deliver seed to contract growers more than a day in advance of the planting date called for in the schedule. Changes in the planting plans for individual growers are of course inevitable owing to local rains or because of other reasons. Under such circumstances it is generally possible, by co-opera- tion, for processors to arrange for the daily quota to be sown.» In any event strict over-ail con- trol by processors who have giv- en the matter considerable study is necessary if advantage la to be taken of this enlightened méthod of avoidîng pea gluts at harvest tîme. FARM FORUMS PROVIDENCE FORUM Providence Forum met at the home of Mr. and Mrs. M. H. Wight and Mr. and Mrs. Douglasl Wight. This was review night and also the last niglit of the forum season. A wonderful pot iuck supper was served, including cake and ice creamn supplied by the men. The supper was in charge of June Bragg and Doreen Barrie. After supper we enjoyed a so- cial evening of cards and then finished up with more ice creamn and cake. We have had a most successful and enjoyabie season with an average attendance of 23. NEWTONVILLE FORUM Newtonviile Forum closed thei regular season with a bountiful turkey dinner held at the home of the Milligan famnily. Our din- ner menu consisted of tomate, juice, turkey with the trimmings. potatoes, turnip, corn, peas. pickl- es of various kinds jellies, cabi- bage salad, celory and olives, bread and rolîs. Dessert wa.i plumn pudding, pie and ice cream. The dishes were soon cleared away and washed with the able assistance of some of the energet- le mnen-folk. After the work had been dis- pensed with, progressive five hundred was enjoyed by ail. Mr. Lloyd Atchison was responsible for this part of th e evening's enl- tcrtainrnent. Prize winners were Miss Jennie Thompson and Mr. Fred Henderson. Each member of the Milligan household did his or her part to- wards making the evening a huge success. Many thanks from the forum. A special meeting will be held in Newtonvilc sechool next Mon- day night to close the business for the year. Bacon Floor Prices Likely to Stand Till Contract Filled It has been learnied unofficially by the Canadian Federation of Agriculture that it is the ful intention of the Federal Govcrn- ment to carry the price support on bacon until the bacon con- tract with the United Kingdom is fiiled. It had been expected that this contract would be com- pleted by July 1, but so littie ba- con has gone forward to date on the contract that there is no pos- sibiiity of filling the contract by that date. An o~fficial announce- ment. the Federation under- stands, will be made by the Fed- eral Minister of Agriculture at once in the matter. A 'mermaid's purse" is the leathery-like covering with which a skate protects its eggs. On hatching the.little fish shed the covering. Because of Winter's extremne coid, the railroaders consider the Hornpa*v ne division of the C.N.R., in Ontario one of the toughest on the continent. PNEU MATI £ TIRES PUT NEW UnF INTO TFIAT OLD WACON and Sot beuter-than-c'ver serv-ce! Eo.uip it with Otaco Steel Wheels and a set cf uecd automobilc tires. Yov ride ceiser-,on air and load P.t a new back saving, casier Ioading Level Also- order those Autotrac parts and easy-ride tractor seats now. HARVEY PARTNER Phone 2382 Bowmanville Durham Farmer's County Co-operative PHONE 37-r-1 ORONO WE DELI VER 'No matter how busy you are, this Spring, don't lose sight of the importance of fgiving your "lyoung stuif"' an extra-good start. Those first few weeks are the time when they set their course in life, for life; and the time too when they ~\make best use of their feed. The pigs that make you money are the growthy fellows who get away to a good start, and keep on go- lng. That calis for good feed for both the sow she lias te have it to miik weli) and the litter. Bal- ance your chop with tic edditionai pro- tein, minerais and vitamins they need.. Sow & Pig Chow Once field work opens up, you lieven't much time to spend on feeding caives. Here's a way that wili save you time - save you milk end money. too, and raise real dairylike youngsters, growthy and thnifty. Many of our best dairvmen follow tbis Purj:In Plan, and re- port fîrst-rate resuits. COUf Startena Did you start your chieks on Chick Startena Checker- Etta lest year? If you did, we don't need to tell you what a 'fly- lng start" these Checker-Etts give chicks - higi vigor, higi iivabiiity, fat growth. If you didn't, ask someone who did - he wili tell you! Start your chicks riglit - feed.. Chick Startena YOU CANNOT AFFORD TO WAIT and Turkeys too! So many turkey raisers start their pouits on Turkey Slart- ena Checker-Etts that if you raise turkeys you are almost sure to have heard about their resuits, first-hend. Now. while you're iaying your plans, bear in mind what you've heard, and decide that this year you are going ta have resuits like that! Ask foi'.. Turkey Startena Checker -Etts p Bowmnanville- Lions Club present their 1950 MINSTREL SHOW WEDNESDAY AND THURSDAY Aprll 2th and l3th,, 1950 Curtain Tirne - 8:15 p.rn. TOWN HALL - BOWNqANVILLE Admission ALL SEATS RESERVED Reserved Seat Plan Opens 10 arn. - Monday, April lOtb AT ALEX McGREGOR'S DRUG STORE a a lm m m m 50C 100 lbs. gain ln flrm condition while she's At present grain prices, you want ail the dry usually means 2,000 lhs. more mnilk in miilk you can get out of your grain ration. a cow's next lactation. Build her up wlth Balance It wlth Cow Chow-or, If your ]Purina's special ration ... bins are low, try Milk Chow, straight. DRY & FRESHENING CHOW (0W CHOW e MILK CHOW Ask for quotations on carload lois Order Your Fertilizer and Spray Lime Now from Your Co-operative - Gef the Best Feed ai the Lowesl Prices - THE CANADIAN STATESMM, BOWMANVI=. ONTAplo tlirough a haif dozen sifter sec- tions before finally becoming completely separated. "Added Improvers" Have you ever wondered why the flour sack lias marked on it at the bottom, '"With added irn- pr.overs"? When the white flour leaves the sifter and la ready for packing in baga, it las a slight yellowish tinge. This is natural in the highest grade of flour. Or- dinarily it takes about a month before the air makes the flour white on its own. To hasten the process of whiten- ing in order to get the produce out to the consumer as fast as possible, a small' quantity of bleachisl added. This whitens the product in a few days and ai- lows for quick sale. The bleacli is the harmiesa added improver. Slight Shrinkage You may have also noticed that on ail packages there is a sign which reads, "25 (or 50 etc.) pounds when packed." This la to protect the dealer since a certain amount of moisture shrînkage takes place after the flour lias been in storage. This shrinkage la, however, very small. Western wheat la the grain that la used for hread flour, and east- ern xvhcat la used for cakes and pastries. Western wlieat la so liard when it reaches the mili that it must lie washed in water at least once to loosen the bull. This flour is used for bread because it rises far better than pastry flour. Eastern wheat cannot lie wash- ed due to the danger that it might become altogether too soft for use. Enriched Flour MU MAY, M«CE 30th, 1930 PAGE NM