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PAGE TWO ~~~TRE CANADIAN STATESMAN, BOWMANVILLE, CONTARToTURAYMY t,10 %àj 0xiblan jthteman Bstabliabed 1854 with which is incorporated Th*. Bowmnvlle News. Tii. Nwcastle Independont and The. Oro=iNe4ws 95 Years Continuous Service to the Town 01 Bowmanvile and Durham County Authorlzed as Second Caa Mail Post Office Depertment. Ottawa. AN INDEPENDENT NEWSPAPER Member Audit Bureau Cainadian Weekly tewspapers Association SUESCRIPTION RATES $2.50 a Yeczr, strictly in advcince $3.00 a Year in the UJnited States Published hy THE JAMES PUBLISHING COMPANY Bowmanville, Ontario GEÔ. W. JAMES. EDritO FIND MOST FARMERS GOOD RISKS When it cornes to borrowing money, Canadian farmers are proving to the gov- ernment that they are top-notch security risks. Taking advantage of government- guaranteed bank loans, about 115,000 farmers during the last f ive years bor- rowed more than $100,000,000 - and in that time the government has had to meet only 13 bank-loss dlaims. The total a- mount involved in the claims was $10,200. In that tîme, too, the farmers repaid more than half of the total amount bor- rowed. This was.disclosed in the 1949 annual statement of the Farm Improve- nment Loans. Act, tabled in the House of Commons last week. .The loans were mainly to build new farmif buildings, buy new equipment, and otherwise improve farm lands. .The report said this showed up par- ticularly in 1949 when loans for farm implements and trucks comprised $87.6 per cent of al bans. Last year there was a trend toward greater use of the boans plan in Eastern Canada. "While the greatest number of these loans - 86.6 per cent - was in Western Canada," the report said, ',the increase for the year in Eastern Canada was 125.1 pèr cent, compared with 45.4 per cent in the Wes. This indicated "a greater use of the Act in Eastern Canada than had been the case in the past." .Spending for farm buildings last year amounted to more than $2,000,000, an in- crease of 50 per cent over building loans in 1948. The report said this was due in part to "an increasing desire by many farm families to raise the level of living conditions in rural areas." Generally, the report concluded, the loans plan was serving its purposes. TOURIST TRADE AFFECTS US ALL Yes, the tourist business is every- body's business. The tourist trade affects us ail, for tourist money spreads around - creating extra business, added income. The manufacturer, the wholesaler, the jobber, the retailer - they ail benefit directiy or indirectly from tourist dollars. Even the farmer, who supplies the butter, eggs, beef and other farm produce, gets bis share of, the money spent in Canada by those who corne to enjoy our match- less vacation land. Let's realize this tour- Ist business is our business - vours and minc-. Let's protect it, by makin.g our visitors welcome. Our courtesy will pay off. It wiil make friends - and dollars -for Canada, for Ontario, for you! GETTING THE WRONG IMPRESSION A disparaging, unjustified and per- haps permanentiy harrnful impression of Newfoundiand as a Poor Relation, resign- edly being found roorn in the Canadian family, has been rapidly gzrowing in Can- it again in 1949, and undoubtedly wil again repeat this year. The greatest single industrial unit contributed by Newfoundland to the Can- adian economy, with Confederation, was not a codfish enterprise. It was the woods operations and newsprint miii of a pulp and paper company on the unknown west coast. Last year alone, this single indus- try (Bowater's) added $30,000,000 in need- ed American f unds to the credit side of Canada's - not Newfoundland's - trade balance. It ernployed just short of 10,000, with a payroll of more than $13,000,000; with the service, shipping and supplv in- dustries it supports included, Bowater's at Corner Brook can be fairlv said to provide the livelihood for 10% of all New- foundiand's wage-earners. Canadians should know these bri.Erlter thin(ý. qhouid know Newfoundland no longer lives with the dangers inherent in a one-industrYý econômy, but aiso depends on a seconde one that is thriving, expand- ing, relieving the employment situation, raising the living scale and annually bringind Canada millions in valuable trad- ing dollars from the United States. A third industry, mining, is also filled with future promise. Newfoundland has a future to equal Canada's own. The Tenth Province is paying its way far better than Cahadians realize. If Newfoundlanders do not want the Poor Relation impression to stick, their officiai voices should relieve the prospect of gioom they are portraying for Canadians. FAMILY FARM WILL SURVIVE The words "Farnily Farrn" usually mean a farm that is operated by the free labor of the entire famiiy, the title to which is heid by the head of the f amiiy who is likely to leave it to a member of the f amiiy. For thei r free labor in their youth, the children who leave the farrn are fre- quentiy assisted in securing higher edu- cation or in making a start in life. Those who remain at home are given an equity in the farrn and an opportunity to buy it on the death of the head of the f amily. Through the farnily farm, tens of thousands of Canadian families have pro- vided themseives with a good living and security, and have contributed to urban life the most constructive and productive people. Like every other successful enter- prise, the f amily farmn of Canada is being modernîzed. Where family resources per- mit, the farnily f arrn continues to be a self -contained unit. Where co-operation with neighbours in the use of modern equiprnent is the answer, co-operation is meeting the need. Custom work also in- creases the productive efficiency of the producers. The farniiy farm wili survive as the strongest social unit in Canadian societv as long as the farrn farnily is free'to work out its own destiny, in an eeonomy which is free from harmful controis. rHE POWER 0F FRIENDSHIP When Chambers of Commerce, bus- iness men's associations, municipal coun- cils, and transportation experts and econ- omists discuss the problems of attracting industry to a particular municipality, they talkç about such things as freight rates, proximity to the source of material sup- ply, and distribution costs. They are partly right, for these are factors which have some part in deter- rnining the most economie location of any industrial enterprise. Neyer, however, underestimate the power of friendship. In recent discussions several manu- facturers who are considering moving their plants frorn large cities to srnaller communities have emphasized that the biggsest single obstacle was flot the cost of moving, the f inding of adequate personnel, nor freight rates, but merely convincing the wives of certain key employees that life in a small town was "human." One manufacturer who had moved to a point 60 miles outside Toronto some three years ago was forced to return to the city because the wives of certain of his executives would not adjust them- selves to life and friends in a smalier centre. Making strangers feel at home, im- proving local recreation facilities, raising the cultural level of a community and other similar considerations are often "pooh-poohed" by hard-headed business men and labor leaders who dlaim that the main job of a chamber of commerce or a town council is to go out and get more in- dustry. It often happens, however, that seem- ingly unimportant considerations such as these are the very things w'hich determine the industrial and commercial prosperity of a town or village. Most industrial heads move their plants to new communities because they fail in love with the way of ife in those communities, not because of economie fac- tors. They ike the people. They like the beauty of the streets. They are impress- ed by the cleanliness of the town. In other words, they think that's the sort of place "I'd like to live in and raise my children." And if their key executives feel the sarne way, the industriai progress of that town is sure. A friendby welcome and a friendby face is often a grea ter asset to a commun- ity than a strategie location. EDITORIAL NOTES A retail grocer, when asked why he advertised regubarly, carne up with the answer. "Advertising is cheaper than dusting." He was referring to the prob- lem of dusting quantities of canned goods if they are beft on the-sheif for long. Ad- vertising, he said, moves them so quickby that dusting is unnecessary. From time to time edîtors of weekbv nev,;spapers cause febbow business men some concern. These toxvn editors seem to get interested in so many business problems besides their owfl and seem to spend so rnuch time working on commun- ity projeets. The point, of course, is that the welfare of a newspaper is more direct- ly tied to the weifare of the communîtv as a whole than that of perhaps any other single business.-Midland Free Press. Social Credit Leader Solon Law sa:vs "nothing we get from the Government is free." Quite truc, and it was equaiby true wvhen the bate Premier William Aberhart, of wvhom Mr. Low was a disciple, prornised $25 pe'r month per aduit in Alberta. Fun- ny, at that, how so many politicianis and others who scoffed at Mir. Aberhart's DIan went hook. ine and sinker for faàifily allowances on a national scale& -Windsor Star "No other nation featherbeds isagriculture like Britain." So sadStanley Evans, parliamenta:-y secmetary o! the British Ministry o! Food. The staternent s0 anger- ed the National Farmers Union that the Labor Government fired Mm. Evans on the spot. Amplify- ing the above staternent, Mr. Ev- ans bad said: "Production at any cost-tbat is to say guaran- teed marke*ts for unlimited quan- tities of British agricultumal pro- ducts at prices fixed so that the ieast efficient and enemgtic can make profits-will kili this coun- try stone dead." Observing that British agri- culture now bad five times as many tractors as before the war, and that incmeased mechanization usually resulted in încmeased productivity and lower costs, Mm. Evans said: "British agriculture reverses the process, and wben productivity rises, so do prices. It is amazing!" He questioned wnether the cost of providing farmers with assured markets and guaranteed prices biad not reached a level that neither con- sumer nor taxpayer couid afford, and be asked whether high famm- ing subsidies did not conceal "in- efficiency and inertia." Such out- spoken criticism of the polîcy o! the Labor Government, of wbich be was a prominent officiai, lost Mr. Evans bis job. But no at- tempt was made by the Govern- ment or the Farmers Union to answer the charges. Regulations and subsidies of agriculture are a carry-over of wartime planning, and they pmob- ably worked very xvchl when the country was fighting for its life and everybody vas working at top pitch to win the war. But, with the return o! normal times o! peace, there is no carry-over o! wartime incentive and efficiency, and the regulations and subsidies have the effect of relaxing per- sonal initiative and enterprise. With assured markets and bigh prices guaranteed by the Gov- ernment, the farmer had nothing to wormy atout. Let the planners and the consumers and the tax- payers do tbe worying. The agricultural situation in France is very different from that in Britain. The French peasant bas refused to bave anything to do with "scientific management" for mass production. The plan- ners bave decmeed that the popu- lation on French farm lands is too small, as compared with other European countries, and bas sug- gested that starving Italians lie irnpoted by the million to womk on the ill-cultivated and under- manned farms and waste lands but the old systein of self-sustain- ingc small general farms stili pre- vails, except in a few rich plain, sections. "Tbe French peasant Is a feuda] baron." says Ph. Perier in a let- ter to The Economist (London), "he is entrenchcd in bis famm as in a fortified castle. He produces for bis own consumption or littie more, because be knows wbat- ever be might produce above bis own personal needs may only bring bim possible loss and, with absolute certainty, bother, red tape and taxes." M. Perier says that unless France were to be sovietized, and he adds, "'God forbid," *'no power on earth or in heaven cp.n oblige a peasant farmer to import any labor or grow ans' produce if he does not wish 10 do so or cloes flot expect any profit out o! it." The trouble is, says M. Perier. that -since 1914, two wars and financial mismanagernent bave continually cut down the value of Our currency and disomganized the market. With such instabil- ity our peasantry, of course, is eluctant to make any outlay of money. wary o! any experiment of mass or specialized productionI ....The e7ystem may be mediaev- ai, but %ve are back in the Middle Ages. because u-e are in an age of inisecurity,." Thus it will be seen that the agricultural situa'tion In France is the very opposite to that in Brifian. Modern conditions and particularly food shortages called for scientific planning of British agriculture during the war; but it seems, according to Mr. Evans, that the continuance of wartime planning can kili a country "stone dead" in time of peace. What Olhers Say HOW TO END TAXES WITH MUNICIPAL FORESTS (Huntsville Forester) Most rural municipalities In Canada think they are doing very weil indeed these days if they cani hoid tax levels down to any- thing close to previous levels. But they would get a shock if they went to Sweden. There, sorne countries very similar in climate and area to those of the more thiniy settled section of Eastern Canada, have abolished taxes altogether. And they have done this without the slightest sacrifice in municipal service. The rich uncle in this Swedish story is the forested area which the Swedes cherish and we1 so often neglect. For alrnost aà century municipal forests have1 been major sources of revenue in Sweden, sorne of thern such suc- cessful sources that they now look after ail municipal expendi- tures. As well, they conserve moisture, prevent floods, fumnish heaithy recreation areas for home folk and tourist. Canadian population estirnates at June 1, 1949, sbowed that out of a total of 13,549.000 persons, there were 8,779,800 between the ages of sixteen and seventy and therefore not qualified for old age pensions or baby bonus. The hospitality of our golf courses greatly aids our tourist business. The resort areas of the Province provide some of the finest courses in the world. Tourists ineasi so mucli to everyone 's prosperity. Let's ail be good hosts, and help our visitors enjoy thernselves. John Labatt Limited. FOR GOLFERS What's Your Answer? By R.' J. Deachmnan Once upon a time I wrote a bookiet dealing with econornie questions I had answemed. Here are a few wbich keep turning up now and then together with the answers that I gave at the tirne. Read thern, there must be bet- ter answers than these. If yo U have themn send themn along. I could use tbemn with or without your narne, depending upon wbat you wanted. "Could lnterest be abollshed?"I It would be difficuit to abohishi interest without abolishing pro- fits. If you have the materials and I want to build a bouse I might be able to borrow the materials and tbereby provide myseif with a house, giving you baek sirnilar materials at a later date. The normal way, however, is to borrow the money then pur- chase the materials. By interest we bring men and materiais to- gether and thus permit accorn- plishment. No one is likely to lend merely out of generosity of spirit - that could bardly be ex- pected. Interest is a payment for a defin.ite service. "Would It be a fundamental fallacy in our political and econ- omic thinking if we assumned that a government could so administer the affairs of a country that there would be no hardship, suffering, want or misery?" Yes, it is a fundamental fallacy. "Man," said Dr. Alexis Carrel, "attains bis highest developrnent when he is exposed to the rîgors of the season, when he sometimes goes without sieep and sometimes sleeps for long hours, when bis meals are sometimes abundant and sometimes scanty, when he conquers food and qbelter at the price of strenuous efforts. He bas also to train his muscles, to tire himself and rest, to fight, suffer, and be happy, to love and to hate. "Wben bis adaptive processes ,work most intensely, he develops bis virility to the fullest extent. It is a primary datum of observa- tion that hardsbips make for nervous resistance and heaith." George Cutten, at one time President of the Colgcate College, used these words in a convoca- tional address:- "Man bas always had to be kicked upstairs; he neyer went, voluntarily. The higher life is always a bard life. The names splashed over the pages of history are not those "wbose lives were happy or easy; happy lives never made bistory. The names whicb, are etcbed on indelible bronze and sung by generations follow- ing are the men of somrows who have been acquainted with grief." "Do you think Socialism would solve Canada's economie prob- lems? If not, wvhy not?" What is there in Socialismn wbich is lacking in Capitalisrn? Tbe factors of production remain the same. They are land, labor and capital, whether under soc- ialism, capitalism, communisma or any otber form. Socialism will not make land more productive. I would sooner bave two or three inches of rain- fali In a dry season tban the doc- trines of Karl Marx and ail bis friends taken together. Socialism needs capital - pro- duction cannot proceed witho*at it. Will the creation o! capital be a more simple process under Soc- ialism? I doubt it. In 1932 56 per cent of Russia's national in- corne was invested in capital out- lays for wbich the Russian people got no return - their standard of living is stili far below ours. This was tbe largest amount ever taken fromn the people by any government for this purpose in' a single year .... The great featume of modemn Capitalism is its capacity to pro- duce. Its stmongest critics protest that it bas given us overproduc- tion. What reason is there to believe that per unit production o! either capital or labor would increase under Socialism? One of Canada's greatest problems is the creation o! a prosperous agri- culture. No one bas yet suggest- ed that agriculture could be soc- ialized - yet it would be dif fi- cuit to imagine bow it could pros- 1 free. "What is purchasing power?" Purcbasing power o! the mndiv- *iduai is the sum total o! the value o! the goods produced or services rendered. The urchsingpower o! an in- diiuldepends on the number o! bushels o! wheat produc'ed hlast year multiplied by the price. A barber would measure bis by the value o! services rendered to bis customers, a teacher by the amount .received for hem services. John Stuart Mill states it in tbese words: "What constitutes the means o! Ipayment for commodities is sim- ply commodities. Each person's tions o! other people consist o! those which he himself possesses. the meaning o! the word, buyers. Could we suddenly double the productive powems o! the coun- try, we should double the supply o! commodities in every market; but we should, by the same stroke, double the purchasing power. Everybody would bring a double demand as well as sup- ply; everybody would lie able to buy twice as much, because everyone would have twice as much to offer in exchange." Some modern economists would quarrel with the definiteness o! these conclusions and suggest that this was an over-simplification. There are modifications and corn- plexities untouched h y t h i s simple statement but it defines purchasing power. "Should married women work?" This is a fighting question. If you are going to enter that dis- cussion get your spurs on, they wilIlibe necded. It's b]ood brother of the oldI argument that machines would put men out of business. Once, impossible as it may seern, mein fought against the introduction o! labor saving machinery, they srnashed the machines. 'What bappened? lt's an old story. When the machines came, more goods were produced. With. increased production wages rose, more men were employed. We shallflot prosper from any effort to reduce the number o! workers in tbe industrial army. Wbat if I arn wrong. Tben let us shut out immig'ants. Let us rejoice when our population de- clines. A plague would be belp- fui, a higher death rate would be beneficial. It's not* true, of course, production is the basis of prospemity. Progmess neyer did and neyer will corne from laws, rules and restriction which limit or in any way restriet the entry of new workers into the fields o! industry and commerce. WORN CHIMNEY? i Has old man winter left bis mark on your chimney? Cali us now before it devebops into a costiy job.1 - PHONE -772 - TME GHAYSON GUILD 0F WOODCRAFT HAY & HETHERINGTON HERMAN FRS FSY0uR STORA3E !S YUR BEST PROTECTION AGAINST MOTHS, HEAT andHUMIDITY . .as weII as FIRE and THEFT! Today your furs are more precious thon ever . .. deserve more thon ever the scien- tif'ic protection of our modern Fur Storoge vouits. Their Ioveliness wiII be preserved during the hot summer months . .. becouse they wiII be insured end protected agoinst heat, fire and theft. ENQUIRE ABOUT "HERMANIZING' mIE SCIEt4TIFIC NEW FUR CLEANINO PROCESSI EVE LEICH'"S Cleaners & Dyers - Laundries PHIONE: OSIIAMWA ZENITH 13000 Local Agent:- HOOPER'S LADIES' WEAR foVAU Stafford Bros. 7 Monumental Works Phone WVhltby 552 318 Dundas St. E., Whitby FINE QUALIT? MONUMENTS AND MARKERS Precise workmanshlp and careful attention to, detail are vour assurance when vou choose from the wlde selection of ilmported and domestic Granites and Marbies ln stock. o High-Geared Bureacrazy Weeklv Review Farming iBritain And France Dy LEWIS MILLIGAN o j) 6 PAGE TWO THURSDAY, MAY 4th, 1950