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pAGE tff W Price Spread -Report Shows Farmers Not Responsible For Food Price Increases The Report af Uic Royal Com. mission on Pnice Spreads of Frond Products reieased Uhi week, las welcomed by Canada'% fanm people for it produces con- vincmng proof oi the fact that the, agricuiturai industry bas not becu responsible for tUeint.. Creae that have occurred in tond pnces in Uic last decade. Vis confirmation by Uic Comn- mission, ai tacts put forth in Uic Canadian Federation ai Agri- culture presentation on behali of agriculture, should surely convinoe Canada's Consumers tihat there has been justification lor concera among the primary producers in Uiis country. To quote the Commission re- port: "Bctween 1949 and 1968, iarm prics-the prices of the raw matenials for the food in- dustris-werc practically un- changed, but Uic retail fond price index increased 20 per- cent of retail value dropped frain 59 percent ta 44 percent. Wc estimate that thc prices ai supplies and services used in the marketing oi tood products in- creased by 43 percent, and there were 128 percent more servies introduced in the marketing systcm per unit ai food"... "Since 1951 Uic food industries have procurcd their famnma- teniais at reduoed prices but prices paid by consumers have advanced. Because tarin pnices have actually declined it is cvi- dent that Uie increase in prices Mt retail la fnet duc ta an in- crease In thie price af the tarin The' Commission bas pointcd to what it considered ta be a Major factor ta Uic rising costs of foodls, the tendency ta ofier L1 O XA 3-5615 DOWMANVILLE COMi HAVE F *consumera added services ra- ther than lowcr prices. "Our a study oi the promotional activi- stics af firms ini thc food indus- .tries Icads ta Uthc conclusion tthat more attention could have been given ta getting prices down"'. Fariners have long telt Lthat profit margins on somne ot thc producta and materials of- fcred for sale in retail outlets were unreasonable, an.d the cvi- dence in 1957 that Uic margin Éin the Prepared Breakfast rFoods industry was 73 percent eto sales, in Flaur Mlilling 24 ipercent, and ini the Food indus- tries as a whole 37 percent, is surely an indication that this study came not a wcck too early. The repart lias sanie very in- tcresting thungs to, say about Prioe Supports for Agricuitur- ai Products, which have been 1accused af contributiag ta, higli food costs. "In the case oi but- ter, which lias been subject ta sumstantial support over Uic ten year period, we conclude that support pracedures have tendcd, on the balance, ta nar- row thc spread. For other corn- modities. . prioe supports have been a factor during limited parts of Uic period only and couid not have been an impor- tant factor in price spreads an these com.modities in recent years", and turther, "It docs seem ta us that thepublic ex- penditures made to agricultural producers over the pcriad we have studled (1949-58>)'have cer- tainly nat been more than a fair quid pro quo for thc low cast ai feodniaterials <as dis- tinct fram food services> ta Can- adian censumers, Uic burden oi which lias fallen an thc primary producers". The Commission turtber states "It la evident that dVuring thc period, Uie re- turns tram the marketing ai food 'have been mare su.bstan- Uial than the returns tram the production of food materials". Ail of this la positive prec>f that "Cost-Price squeeze" in agriculture lu not merely "a niyth, but is in fact a condition t'hat is causing hardship ta Uic primary producer. The Com- niission's report shows that Uic average weelvly carnings ai non-paid farn workers ta 1958 were $49.65 and Uicy suggest that this la a very low rcturn for labour. Considering that the fernmer also provides capital it is quit. evident says Uic Com- mission that tihese returns are also rclativciy low. Thus thc fariner finds that bis case has been supported by this Royal Commission, and we hope that Uic truc conditions prcvailing ini the price structure of Can- ada's Food products are now more clcarly in locus. In the. Canadian Federation of Agriculture', bni ta the. Commdssion in 1958 we suggest- cd that an agency should bel iestabiiahed ta carry 'owrda continuing basis the work that was bcîng donc by thc Com- mission. W are happy ta note L Uich report that the Commis- sion has "recommended the es- itablishment af a permanent Council on Priccs, Productivity and Incarnes which would keep the whole area of the food in- dustries under rcview and which would present a yearly report ta the Governor ini Coun- cil". A iurther coninendable recommendation of the Com- mission states: "... . that the Di- rector of Investigation and Re- search,. Combines Investigation Act, be put in a position ta cx- tend inquiries inta the buying practices (including contractual arrangements between buyers an.d prImary producers) and the selling practices of large busi- ness organizatians In tic food industries, and ta give the re- suits the widest possible distri- bution and pubiicity". The Com- mission has indeed laid open the door ai this "veil af mys- tery"l which has surrounded the area between producer and con- sumer for mucli too long, a mave that ià warmly commend- ed by the C-F.A. Copies of this Report (2 Volumes) may be ab- tained £ram The Qucen's Print- er, Ottawa, price $3.00 (Vol. 1, $1.00; Vol. 2, $2.00.) Memorial Hospital Weekly Report For the week ai November 30 ta December 6 inclusive: Admissions ____57 Births- maie, 2 female - 8 Discharges - _65 Major operations 6 Minor operations 33 Emergency treatinents - 8t Visiting hours 2:30 ta 4:30 pan. and 7:00 ta 8.30 pan. Victoria. B.C. Dea Sis,1157 Bewdley Av e., Please find enclosed $4.00 ta renew n'y subscription for one year. I enjoy reading the home pa- Der and look forward ta it ar- riving every Wedncsday. Thank you. Mrs. L. Richardson (Shirley Kitson) No man can enjoy happliess without thlnklng that lie enjoys it.-Sanuel Johnson. PANY COMING... >LENTY OF ,COKE!1 m DNmAwmNuS. TICAAD!N STTESMI.BOW WANffULA OIITAITO - History of GhanaI demita Interest hlm ln the. cul- ture and traditions of the peo- W> k-mý ý 1 1 pie. Editor's note: During Septem- ber, 1959, the writer ai the fol- lowing article visited "Quaint Acres", Tyrone, where bis cou- sis, Mrs. T. O. Aked and Miss Alcen Aked, resided at their summer home. Dr. George W. James asked Mr. Greenwood if he would consider wrîting an article for The Statesman ta give our readers saine back- ground on Ghana, the newest member of Uic Commonwealth. This weck, the article arrived and we are pleascd ta publish it herewith. It is especlally tinicly because ai the recent visit ai H.R.H. Prince Philip ta this new member o! tic Com- monwealth. In thc year 1471 a band ai Portuguese traders salled down Uic coast of West Africa and landed at a point now within thc modern State of Ghana. It is said that Uiey wcre amazed ta sec the local inhabitants weartag a variety ai gold orna- me ais and soon realised they had stumbled. enta a profitable trade ta gald. Ten years later Uic Portuguese bult a castie on the spot where they first land- cd which Uiey caled Elmina (mneaning "Uic mine"), and this was the iirst of many forts and casties, for the Pertuguese wcre follewed by Uic Dutch, the Danes, the Swedes, Uic Prus. sians and Uic British who al camne ta trade along the coast. Many of these strongliolds stili dominate the caastline and- are preserved a-s ancient monu- menits. During Uic next 300 years, howcvcr, Uic tcrm "trade" meant flot only -gold and gaods but slaves, and this dark period af Ghana's history iasted untilj 1807 when Uic Britishi Govcmn-j ment declared Uic trade il-legal. The ninety-odd years which fol- lowed saw the graduai adjust- ment to legitimate trade an the ascendancy ai the British over their variaus European rivais, who ene by anc withdrew from thie country. A Crown Colony1 By the bcginning oi this cen- tury the coastal arca had be- corne a Crown-Celony, the mid- dle beit, known as Ashanti,t had been farmnally annexed ta Uic British Crown aiter a num-e ber ai wars, and the northernr area had been dcclarcd a Bri- t tish pratectorate. This patternc rcmsataed unchanged until ins 1922 part of the former Germanc colony of Togoland was placedc under Britishi mandate by the Lcague ai Nations and admin- istcred as part ai the Gold il Coast, as Uic country was then t called- The years atter the end 1 Of World War II showed a ra- 0 pid canstitutionai advancc. tý Ia 1951 Uic first general elcc- t: tion was held and African Min- 1 isters were appointed, although p three important portfolios wcre ir stili heid by Britishi officials, e4 The Rt. Hon. Dr. Kwame Nkru- r nali beoame "Leader of Gov- ti ernrnent BEusiness" and later tl Prime Minister. In 1954 another a: generai election was hcld, and & for the first tume an ail Airican il Parliament was established by si aduit franchise, and all minis- p ceriai portfolios were held by ci Africans, although the Govern- ei or sill rctailied certain reserve t >owers la relation ta defence and externai afiairs. In 1956 a tc further election was held, at ol the instigation ai the British lî Goverrnent -and the Parliament al then rcturned, passcd by a s large maionity a resolution eall- a ing for Independence. T Formerly GoId Cost dt Sa, on Mtarch 6th 1957 the for- er mrie British Colony af the Gold 01 Coast, including Ashanti, the I Northern Territaries and the st uttrnitory 0t Togolndat a taed independence withln the o ~onionwealU under the naine q' DtGhana. n It is a sma]i country wbcn a] comparcd with the vastness af P( Canada, about thc size ai Great In Bnitain with upwards ai 5 mil- Uon inhabitants and could be Rcomodated witbin the boun- th Jaies ot Lake Superior. Ita pi oaatlinc of about 330 miles is ar RpprOximateiy 5 degrees North ac if Uhpic Equatar, nd cosis - _r,, moist, shady conditions arc ideal for Uic production ai co- co. SURl further north arc open plains with a prolongcd dry season during wrhich the sand ladien wind known as the "harmattan" blows frai the great deserts ta the north. The vegetatian here la ai the sav- annah type and the main food crops are guinea corn, millet, yams, groundnuts, nicc and inaize. White Man's Grave Once upon a tîme this part af West Africa used ta be known as the "White mani's grave". There was a good deal ai truth in this description as may be seen irani pathetic ins- criptions on hcad-stones -inaid cemeteries Which show that many traders, missionaries and administrators died within a fcw months af landing ta the country. This happily is a thing af the past and with the suc- cessful combatting ai the great scaurges ai yellow fever and malaria it is possible ta live a normal healthy life providcd simple precautions arc taken. Thc cliniate la, ai course, tropical and in geîîcral bot and humid, althougi, there are twa rainy semsons, tram March ta June, and tram September ta November when tic atinosphere la cooler and anc needs a blan- ket, or periapa two, on tic bcd at nigit. But Ghana produces nothing worse th-an conditions experienccd by the writcr ai this article in tie Eastern States et America and Canada durtag August and the eanly part ai Septemàber! A general description oetheic country would not be complete ivithout reference ta thc tremendous developments whîci. have taken place ir. Uic past few years. It la not easy ta say which aspect ai developmcnt la thc most ne- markable-but perhaps pro- greass in thic îiprovement ai communications generally is tnost naticcable ta one wio bas Iived ta the country for a num- ber ai ycars. First class motor roads have been canstnuctcd from North te South and tram East -ta West, Uic four main towns, Accra, Krumasi, Sekendi Takoradi andI Tamale arc senv- ed by internai airways, Uic raiiway systern has been ex- tended, many splendid bridges constructed, and the cauntry's second deep sea part is ncaring complction 12 miles tram tic capital city ai Accra. Progres lnEducation The Ghana Governinent lias is awn International air line to Europe, -and its own shipping mcn. Another striking feature of the modemn Ghana is the tremendous progrcss in educa- tion in the past 9 years. In 1950 there were 1591 approved Primary and middle schoals and in 1959 the number had increas- ed ta 4,546. Thc building and naintenance af these schools is the responsibility af Local Au- thorities; the Municipal, Urban and Local Councils. In highcr education there bas bee n a sin,- ian striking advance. In the same period the number ap- proved Secondary Sehools in- creased tram. 12- ta 39 and Tea- Dher Training Coileges tram 19 30. In Kumasi, Uic second largest Lwn in Uic country a College )f Tcchnology bas been estab- ished with a present enrolment ýf 600 pupils, and the Univer- ity College of Ghanah as now istudent population ai 500. l'his institution prepares stu- ents for external arts and sci- rice degrees ot the University )f Landon, and incorporates an Istitute ai 51ucation, an In- titute ai Extra-mural studies td a Depantinent of Archacol- >y. The buildings are not yct juite compîcte, but despite thelr cwness, the chapela, courts td impressive dining halls )ossessalal thc traditionai at- naspiere ai a Univcrsity. Actlvity and Bustie What doca Ghana hold for he visitar? One ai Uic first m- )resalons oi Uic casual vlaitor Stapist would be a sense ef .tivity and bustie--of a people 'ho cnjoy life and have time olaugi-e-f bold calourinthei graceful traditional ganinents 'ara by Uic womnnand, la tic nain centres niany fine new aildings, banks, office blocks,- lepartniental stores, libranles id striking evidence ai pied- rn developient. Alonig the nast a, nunber of attractive esorts are being developed ad here arc many ancient fart'l id castles ta explore. If the3 sitar bad the i. nd ta, stay The presorvation of the. cul. tura1 heritage la un Important teature of chieftaincy, and tn cach State traditionul festivals are celebrated. Theue are occa- sions ful of tihe colour and dig. nlty of centurles and tram miles around people flock ta jln In t.he testivities. Tihe climax of a festival la trcqucntiy a durbar -a gathcrlng of sub-chiefs and tallowera to grec t the Para- mount Chief. A durbar usually begins byea procession through the town, Uic more Important chiefs being carried in palan- quins, attcnded' by their retinue and sbaded tram the sun by large vividly ooloured umbrel- las, and followed by the State drumas. Having assembled lni Uiecohosen place customary grcetings are exchanged and the Paramount Chief addresses the conipany. Refreshmients follaw, thc drums start again and danc- ing begins. Art of Drumming "Talking drums" were used in turnes past ta beat eut mes- sages, ta cail people tagether in times ai joy or sorrow and ta assemble the warriors for bat- tic. Di'umming as an art la stili preserved. The culture ai the people is aise exempliiied in wood, ivory, and gold carving and although anc can sec the the western influence in cigar- ette boxes, chessmen and lamps, the traditional designs are also used and local subjects such as elephants and crocodiles find their place. But perhaps the most famous crait la the weav- ing ai the silk Kente cloth in beautiful multicoloured bnlght patterns ai gold, blue, red and green. Thcy are woven with great skill on sait handlooms, and are Uic accepted fom of national costumes, worn in a fashion rather like the, aid Ro- man tega. Largest Cocoa Producer Supposing, however, aur vis- itor is a businessman -mare in- tcrested in Uic country's econ- amic developinent and poten- tialities. He would find that agriculture, fishing, mining and timber are the four mata fea- turcs of Gbana's ecanemy. 0f ail Uic crops grown cocoa ha by far the most imnportant. Ghana] la 'thc world's iargest producer ai cocoa, with an average crop of 228,000 tons ayr. over 'the last 10 years, and the bulk ai the country's revenue is derived tram it. Cocoa is a relatlvely recent importation, for it la said that anc Tetteli Quarshie first brought thc beansit theiccoun- try tram. Fernando Po ta 1891 and planted. them, near bis home, about 35 miles fram, Ac- cra. The GovernRnnt bas ne- cagiîized, thc debt Uic country owes te thia pioncer by erect- ing a Hospital dedicated ta bis meemory ta bis home town. Gold and Dlamonds Next in value ta thé coce exoorts corne gold, manganese, diamonds and bauxite. Gold niining l i e ldcst tadustry and it was alniast certainiy the country's first expart, a±nd gave Ghiana its original naine aiUith Gold Coast. Ivlhnganese, an es- sential elenient in thc steel i- dustry la a valuable export, and Ghana is anceto the iargest pro- ducers; of manganese ta Uic Commonwealth. The Country's diamond industry does net pro- duce cxciting glamorous geis for personai adomnmcnt, but. I LXALUMINUM WINDOWS the em.tern anid western regions a worked by mining conmpan- les, but individual African pro- ducers have in sanie ycars ac- counted for over 50 percent of the total output. There are aiso large deposits of bauxite. The timber industry h«s developed .substantially Ice Warld Wer 11, and is still expandlng. At aneUie mahog- any was the main product but now a large variety ai woods are exported. Recently, ini arder ta demonstrate the many kinds ai timber evailable, thc Fores- try Departnient presented ta the Prime Minister a magifficent office desk in which are incor- porated twen'ty-four different types of wood grown ini Ghana. The. Volta River ProJeet If the visitor was ta speak ta anyone Ini tlis country. at the present time about its potential economnic resources, he would very soon hear of the Volta Ri- ver Projeet. This project in- volves the building of a dam and a hydro-electric power sta- tion on the Volta, the country's main river. It involves also the creation of an artificial lake of over 3,000 square miles, which would open up'new possibilities for flahing end inland water transport and would provide ir- rigation for the Accra plains. Its main abject, however, is ta pro- vide electric power for a large scale aluminium industry, and the extensive beauxite depos-ts availabie would feed the alum-_ inium smeltcr. The projectý has been under consideration for saine years and a final decision by the Governinent is eagerly awaited because it is something which, because of its vast pas- sibilities for expansion of in- dustry has seized the imagina- tion af the people. More and more will be heaird of this country in the cormnun- ity of nations-not only by rea- son ofitis ecanomic potentiali- tics, but also because it is the champion of Independence in FAEM SERVICE DICAD, OL» and CRIPPLED FARM STOCK Removed Free of Charge lmmedlate 24-Ht. Service ASK TOUR OPIERATOIR FOIR ZEnith 66550 Ne, Ton Charge Nlok Peconi - Peterborough THURSDAY, DEC. ioth, 1s LAfrica. There hs no discrimina' tion in thiz country as ta race, colour Or crccd, and ita people have every right ta be proud, of its achieveiients. Accra, Ghana, Nov. 17, 1959. ATG4> PERFORMANCE DEPENDA BIL n'Y for ail cutting jobt " Weighs only 18 Ib. " Folis Irees up te 4 fi. in diamoer. " Ful power ln any position. " Eosy on gus end low maintenance. " Flush cut handle for ground-I.v.I culting. " Qulck %torts I ny weathmr. Seo end try the Super Zlp et Daulch Air Cooled Molors Lakeshore Rd. Port Hope, Ont. I Attention...0 MILK SHIPPERS Guaranfeed Repairs Io Al B3ULK COOLERS We carry a complete lune of Refrigeration Parts and Watcr Pumps Contrais and Switches ACE SALES & SERVICE Cail Oshawa RA 392452 DOORS and AWNINGS 'SCOTSMAN' SeIf-storing Door 1" Tblck Glass and Sere, Bard.: ware, Master Frame, Vinyl SaI, Enclos.d Hinges. FREE HOME DEMONSTRATION Nothing to remove or store .0. change front winter glau to summer sereen in seconds. lKeep winter damage out ... brng summer Wu Buit to Tri-Products rigid standards of quality. Bowmanville. Home lm provementsI 22 Divnsin Si. B. MA 3-27531J i r~ i BE REALLY REFRESHED!heresafrieniyfirand warm hopitalty Waitig at home... and people waiting for Coke! CocaCola ...With that cold crisp tante that'a brght and bracng as the winter ei. Ride through the Holidays refreshed and relazed weloome your friends with the real refrosment.. plenty of ice-cold Coca-Cola. £iutI".d e bia of Casa-Cea md., usefeci wuhCas-Cea Le-$U'm HambIy's Beverages (Oshawa) Ltd. OSHAWA, ONTARIO LSIJ 11 1 e f ' 1 omd ln OMAM -, The, dhmond mines, fi By Alan F. Gncenwood, A.F.G., O.B.E., M.A., LL.B. Permanent Secretary, Mînister of Local Governaient, Ghana