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4 The Canadian Statesman, Bowrnanville, September 15, 1976 Section Two ýp W S date, and, also, whether they should take off a crop follôw- Agrcultura News ing this period. Our comment to this is that if you feel the By: Rod Storktopgrowth is too heavy, and Assoc. Agricultural p hainedranof14-17pur will possibly lead to smother- Asso,. griultral up ay i th rage f 1-17pering in the winter, then, take off Representative cent protein, so as can be seen some of the growth, however, to e Lwer from these resuits, the protein as we have indicated above, Feed Quality to be Lower is down anywhere fom 4-6 per should leave abut a foot 1976 cn 1976 will not be remembered We expect that this of growth to ensure good air as6 l onoft best yqabr fo resuit will hold true for farms movement and to keep away fas one of the best years pr right across the county. The from problems of freezing vince of Ontario. Wet weather protein levels in hay are going during the winter. from early in the spring righ to be substantially lower than Harvesting Corn Silage through the growing season they were last year or ina Farmers are beginning to and lack of sunshine through- normal year. In addition, in sharpen their knives for out the of ineaso h talking with many farmers, harvesting corn silage, whch led to many problems for area the quality of the spring grain will begin within the next fartomran putting upfop crop that was taken off was week to ten days. There are farmers in putting uptr poor, and unless we do get several steps farmers can quality hay, high quality grain some warm weather through follow to achieve an optimum quantity as far as corn silage September, and stay away harvest. It is extremelyim- and grain corn is concerned. from frost, the quality of the portant that the corn is fot Tnd gramcon S o nced o corn silage and grain corn is harvested too wet or too dry, The mnsoiandid flot going to be anywhere near although this year as we have Improvement Association did as good as last year In mentioned, with the damp putessence what we are saying is weather that we have ex- some hay samples from that farmers should be plan- perienced, it may be quite across the county analyzed at ning on taking feed analysis difficuit to get the corn at the University of Guelph for this year to determine exactly exactly the right stage. Corn dry matter and protein con- where they do stand as far as silage, ideally, should be tent. As ail farmers know, the their feeding programc l harvested when it has 30-40 earlier that hay can be cut, the concerned. Even with the per cent dry matter or 60-70 higher the protein levels willproblems that we have in the per cent mosture content. At be. This past year was a poor dairy business today and the this dry matter content, the one for getting hay in and at low prices in the beef industry, silage yield is at an optimum; the proper time, and in many it is to the farmer's advantage harvest and storage losses are cases, hay was cut from to have his feed analyzed and at a minimum and dry matter anywhere two to three weeks determine exactly where he intake by the cattle is high. late and more. We took 8 samples from stands as far as the feed he For the best results, farm- across Durham County and putting into his livestock, s0 ers are advised to keep their sent these away to the Test hat he can provide his cattie cutting knives sharp and Lab at Guelph. Ail of these with the best possible feed machinery adjusted for a fine samples were cut either in the ration at the least possible chop. This fine chop is last week in June or the first cost. Information on the feed necessary for good packing week in July and were mad testing program is available and exclusion of excess air. weekin ulyandwer mae at the agricultural office in Excess air in the silage mash up of about a 50 - 50 mix of legume and grass. The excep- Bowmanville and farmers wiîî increase the storage tion to this was the top sample should be getting in touch with losses. Another aspect of air that we sent away and the low us, so that you can get your exclusion is fast filling. Fi shample. etop o nte lw samples in as soon as possible, the silo as fast as possible, sample. The top one was apprximtel 70 er entand g et the results back evenly dispersing the silage approximately 70 per cent legume and 30 pr cent grass,quickly before the rush starts and covering it with plasti. If, while the low one was approxi- in the late faîl. for some reason, a farmer has mately 30 per cent legume and Protect Alfaif a in the Fail time to only partially fill his 70 per cent grass. The results Good fal management can silo and as to leave it for were received back from make the difference between a three or four days, he is Gurelphranged bc fromîo thick or thin stand of alfalfa advised to cover it with plastic Guelph ranged from a low next year. Damage to the until ready to complete the protein content of 6.27 per cent to a high of 15.39 per cent the fail, although it may die followed, farmers should re- However, if we eliminate the over the winter perod. Most ceive a reduction in spoilage high and the low, we find 6 farmers know we are present- and get a good fermentation samples that ranged from lyintothe critical faîl harvest from their silage. 10.pr centpoteinTe1far stage for alfafa in this area. Harvesting High Quality per cent protein. The farms Harvesting close to thecritical up hay n the rngeoof 4-17 pe frm date allows the alfalfa to Some area farmers will regrow only 2 or 3 weeks already have started corn silage harvest, while the biggest percentage will pro- bably be getting ready to start this week, or early next week. In determining when the best time to begin harvest of corn silage, assuming everything else is equal - that is the equipment is available or the custom operator is ready to move onto your farm, it has been shown that the moisture content of the plant material plays an important role in determining quality of the final product of the ensiling process. There appears to be detrimental effects when moisture content is either too high or too low. Research has shown that both the rate of fermentation and total bac- terial count are proportional to the amount of moisture present. High dry matter material (50 per cent) tends to retard the acid producing bacteria, thus permitting the continued activity of the undesirable bacteria in the silage. On the other hand, the extremely wet plant material (80 per cent) moisture, also, provides an undesirable fer- mentation as it retards the speed of acid production. From these two opposing situations, it appears evident that high quality products result when dry matter is between 28-42 per cent. In research work done at the University of Guelph, it has been shown that the energy level on an "as fed basis" when the whole plant is at 20 per cent dry matter or in the milk stage is 12.9 per cent and total protein on "as fed basis" is 1.8 per cent. The energy and protein peak when the plant, including the stalk, leaves and cob are at a dry matter of 35 per cent. When the energy reading is 24.2 per cent on an "as fed basis" and protein is 2.8 per cent on an "as fed basis". All factors considered, corn should be ensiled at the hard dough stage, or in other words, 35 per cent dry matter level (30-40 per cent range). Silage will keep at lower levels in airtight silos or in extreme- ly large conventional silos, if silage is finely cut. However, in small silos and horizontal silos, the moisture content should be higher because there is less compaction in this type of structure. It is best to obtain the required moisture levels through the use of adapted hybrids rather than allowing frost to be the factor in reducing moisture levels. This is especially true, this year, because the corn is bdhind schedule and we do need natural maturity to bring the corn through, rather than the frost, which would cause many problems. It has been stressed a number of times that farmers should use the hybrids that are recommend- ed for their area, rather than going to longer day maturity corn, Research also indicates fineness of cut, not only affect silo capacity, fermentation, but also the animal intake which in turn affects rate of gain and feed efficiencies. All corn silage should be chopped 1¼ inch theoretical cut for good performance. This is especial- ly important when the crop may be slightly over-mature. Silage matured to 30-35 per cent dry matter is much higher in feeding value than more immature silage as we have already pointed out. It is also interesting to note that cattle just won't eat enough of the wetter corn silage to overcome the energy differ- ences that are involved. Re- search evidence suggests that there is no advantage to corn silages of higher than 35 per cent dry matter as far as intake is concerned. When the corn cobs are in the soft dough stage, the corn plant has not had time to give the yield and quality it is capable of producing. In the mature stage, kernels are very hard and the entire plant is brown. Field losses are high, dry matter percentage is too high for proper storage and animal intake decreases. At the hard dough stage which is the, recommended time of har- vest, kernels on the entire ear are firm to hard, but can be dented with a fingernail. Husks are brown as are the lower leaves, grain content is high, dry matter percentage is right for excellent storage and animal intake is at its highest. To obtain quality corn silage, the following factors should be considered: colour - bright, light green to green brown; smell - pleasant or slightly vinegary; texture - firm, soft tissue, not easily rubbed from the fibres; acid- ity - taste sharply acid. If you follow these guidelines and some of the above-mentioned information, you will put up a top-notch silage that will provide your livestock with the best opportunity for growth or milk production. Harvesting Tips for Soybean A great deal of care is required when harvesting soy- beans. Although soybeans is not a big crop in the area, east of Toronto as far as acres is concerned, there are a num- ber of growers producing soybeans, and with proper harvesting methods, in- creased yields can be obtained on these fields. Between 50 and 60 per cent of harvest losses occur at the cutter bar due to improperly adjusted equipment. All adjustments should be made before har- vesting begins. To minimize losses, farmers should keep their ground speed slow, and the cutter bar close to the ,ground. A large portion of the soybean yield is near the ground, so the cutter bar must also be as low as possible in order to get below the pods. When the cutter bar is lowered, it is also necessary to reduce ground speed for better control. The reel speed should be adjusted to about one-and-one-quarter times the ground speed, to prevent the plants from being beaten or shattered. Soybeans should be harvested at about 14 to 15 per cent moisture. However, if driers are available, the crop could be harvested at a higher moisture level. It should be remembered that the key to reducing harvesting losses in soybeans is keeping the com- bine properly àdjusted. This can be checked each day before the farmer goes into the field to make sure that the adjustments are what was started out with. In the past couple of years we have done checks on local soybean fields and in some cases we estimate there are losses of 4-10 bushels per acre of pods that were never taken off the plants by the machine. This mens that the operator is not running the cutter bar low enough to the ground and is probably the main reason for heavy losses in soybeans. Port Hope Fair Just a reminder to all residents in the Hope Town- ship area and surrounding communities of the Port Hope Fair to be held on Saturday and Sunday, September 18 and 19. An excellent program of livestock shows, horse shows, midway, vegetable and field crop exhibits and many other events will take place during the two-day Port Hope Fair on Saturday and Sunday, Sep- tember 18 and 19th. HARVEY SPARTNER ORONO 983-5206 ESSO HOME H EAT SERVICE "EXPLAIN THAT POLICY AGAIN, PLEASE!" If fire, explosion, or other insured destruction forces your renters out of your rentai property, Rental Income in- surance from James Insur- ance Agency Limited will pay your lost rentais until your property is again habitable. JamesInsurance Agenr Limited DOUGLAS S. JAMES 24 KING ST. E., BOX 100 BOWMANVILLE, ONT OFFICE 623-4406 (. t RES. 623-5023 because the alfalfa leaves become severely injured by fall frost. As most farmers know, the critical harvest date for the area of Durham County south of the ridge is Septem- ber 20 and for north of the ridge it is September 10th. Harvesting close to these dates does not provide the plant with enough time for food storage in the roots, the plants then go into winter with no root reserves or anti-freeze and are choked by low winter temperatures. The lack of fall growth denies the alfalfa the proper winter insulation, causing it to die. A foot of topgrowth, however, keeps the top inch of soil 5 degrees or more warmer than if it were removed. It holds the snow, keeping the plant crowns at about -2 to -3 degrees C. regardless of sub-zero temperatures. This is extremely important since alfalfa dies at -8 to -12 degrees C. Ice from winter rains and sleet storms can accumulate on the soil surface smothering the alfalfa. Fall topgrowth, if not too heavy, can prevent this by providing channels for gas exchange. If topgrowth is present, it holds the snow acting like a blanket, prevent- ing any ice from forming on the soil surface, killing the alfalfa at the crown where the new buds for the next year's growth exist. We have re- ceived a large number of calls from farmers, wanting to know if they should cut during the critical six-week period around the critical harvest Business Directory Accountancy WM. J. H. COGGINS Chartered Accountant 115 Liberty Street South Bowmanville Phone 623-3612 WILLIAM C. HALL B. Comm. Chartered Accountant 36/2 King St. E., Oshawa Telephone 725-6539 D. V. SNODDON 14 Frank Street Bookkeeping and Tax Service Business: 623-4597 Residence: 623-7308 JOHN MANUEL, C.G.A. 67 King St. East, Suite 2 623-6555 HAAR, CHAPMAN & FLETT Chartered Accountants Suite 202, 54 Centre St. N., Oshawa, 728-7363 133 Church St., Bowmanville 623-6868 JOHN WINTERS Chartered Accountant R.R. 2, Bowmanville Phone 623-5828 Chiropractic LAURENCE A. GREY Doctor of Chiropractic 270 King St. East Bowmanville Phone 623-4004 G. EDWIN MANN, D.C. Chiropractor Office: 15 Elgin Street Corner of Horsey Street Phone 623-5509 Office Hours: By appointment Dental DR. ANGUS M. BLAIR D.D.S. 26 Frank St., Bowmanville (near Dominion Store) Office Hours: 9:30 a.m. to 9 p.m. including Saturday Telephone 623-3181 DR. WILLIAM KEANE Dental Surgeon 222 King Street East Protessional Bldg. Office Hours: Weekdays 9 - 5 Telephone 623-7412 If busy - 623-4731 DR. WILLIAM KENT D.D.S. 222 King St. E., Suite 106 Professional Býdg. Bowmanville Office Hours: 8:30 - 5: 00 Weekdays Closed Friday Afternoons DR. W. M. RUDELL D.D.S. 75 King St. E., Bowmanville Office Hours: Mon., Tues., and Thurs., 9'til5 Wednesday - 9'tii 2 Friday - 9'til 4 Not open Saturday or Sunday Office Phone 623-5790 PATRICK G. DEEGEN, D.T. Denture Therapy Clinic 33 King St. E., Bowmanville Office Hours: Mon., Tues., Thurs., Fri. 8:30'til 5:00 Wednesda y8:30'til12:00 Saturday - By appointment on? Phone 623-4473 New Freedom Maxi Pads O 2.09 60-ml JAR OR TUBE OR 100-ml LOTION Head & ShouldersShampooEA99, 12" WIOTH Alcan Aluminum Foil SLICED, CRUSHED OR TIDBITS Palanda Pineapple OZ T 7 TO 8½- OZ BOX DIGESTIVE. SHORTCAKE. NICE OR FRUIT CREME ASSORTED FLAVORS, REGULAR OR DIET ROLL PKG Peek Frean 7un e IGA SoftCASE OF 3 Biscuits PKG.i 1 1Drinks Z.T. L. TIN4 IGA 2002 Qf09e Apple Pie SIZE EA ASSORTEO VARIETIES Neilson Caridy Bars Rf GBARS .6 HOSTESS, REGULAR, DIP, SALT & VINEGAR OR BARBECUE FLAVORED Potato Chips 250-g 9 PI<G 5 r ONTARIO GROWN CANADA NO.1 GRADE PRODUCE OF USA Celery StalkS 24's EA PRODUCE OF USA FROM BRITISH COLUMBIA CANADA FANCY GRADE NecýtartlleS ~Bartlett'Pears3LBS. 9 rne ONTARIO GROWN CANADA NO.1 GRADE Cabbage 3FOR8 SIZE ONTARIO GROWN 138's CANADA NO .1GRADE Cello Carrots 348.39e DOZ., ZEE, DENIM Lunch Bags GREEN GIANT, FANCY FROZEN Kitchen Sliced Green Beans OMSTEAO, FROZEN Dressed Smelts BIRDSEYE, FROZEN Cool Whip Topping IGA ROYAL GOL, CANADIAN PROCESS REGULAR WRAP Cheese Slices PRODUCER BRAND 3 PKGS. 0F 25 98e 2 il P O LBAG POLY BAG93e 12TRE57 16 2 9 PKG. 3. 6% Baby Gouda Cheese 2 KGZ - 2.19 PRE-PRICED 89¢ Detergent s 69X PRICES EFFECTIVE WED. TO SAT, SEPT. 15-18. WE RESERVE THE RIGHT TO LIMIT QIUANTITIES. 77 King Street East Bowmanvilie BOWMANVILLE STORE ONLY ATTENTION FARMERS ! WHY PAY MORE? 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