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"j' i--: @«SSsSBS ; W-. V MBS V -T. " : y S,,oo a year in advance ; Bi.5° to United Stares. BOWMANVILLE, ONTARIO, CANADA, FRIDAY, MARCH 18, 1915 THE EDITOR TALKS. I THE FARMER DO IT ? On Taking Stock Couch, Johnston & Cryderman find that they have tdo many Ladies' Suits on hand, and to make a Clearance havé decided to sell them off at ridiculously low prices. They have laid out Twenty Suits, regular from $12 to $20, all to be sold at $5.00 Each OPENED OUT THIS WEEK-New House Dresses, Blousés, Prints, Silks, Dress Goods and Carpet Squares. coders F ASHION decrees a continuance continuance of the popular Gaiter Boot for women's wear, and the makers have followed her dictation by giving a pronounced pronounced improvement in style and construction. 7 he cloth uppers on the newcomers are in the colors that the titfto season s gowns demand to rnatch or contrast t and is of the best waterproofed mater- ^ fais. Ihe joining point with the leather is so skilfully met that the gaiter effect is emphasized to the ut most degree. Our late arrivals will interest you--both in this class of footwear and other favored styles. Orders for these shoes were placed before the advance in prices of leather, consequently you will save money on all purchases made here. CE 3 Desirable Residences In Bowmanville FOR SALE Centrally located, heated by furnaces, with bathrooms, waterworks, waterworks, all in excellent condition. One is a new house. Will sell for cash, or terms to suit purchasers. purchasers. Investigate to-day. Build iThis Summer This summer isggoing to be a good time to build. Pick out a lot now. I have some very cheap lots and also other lots centrally located at bargain prices. Remember I insure everything. Harry Cann Insurance and]Real Estate It dues an editor good to read such an ar.icle as we republish from last week's issue of The Canadian Countryman Countryman in this issue of The James Papers because for years at this season we have written articles urging farmers to secure the very best seed grainob- tainable fur Spring planting. That "like begets like" is a law in Nature that is universally true; this is why breeders are so particular in selecting sires for service. This is the principle of eug' nies too about which scientists are writing and teaching. The students students at the recent short course in this town no doubt had this principle impressed impressed on their minds. It is a matter to which all farmers should give very serious attention, and so we are giving giving special prominence to The Canaa tan Countryman's excellent ar.ic'e this week and no time should be lost in putting its suggestions into operation. operation. Study the illustrations carefully for they prove the necessity for greatest greatest care in seed-selection and testing for increased production this war year. Our best thanks are hereby accorded to Mr. J. Miller, editor of 1 he Canadian Canadian Countryman for the use of the cuts illustrating the article on seed- testing, germination, etc. It is some what flattering to The James Papers, too, that Mr. Miller recognizes the intelligence intelligence of our readers and the prom inent place our papers hold in the homes of the agricultural community, for in a letter giving us permission to publish this splendid article, he says "This is a very interesting and im- , portant pronouncement in connection with the campaign which i< b< ing conducted conducted to encourage Canadian farmers to produce more. We believe the readers of vour papers will be greatly interested in what The Countryman says in this article on the most important important pnint connected with increased increased production--careful seed selection. We are glad to send you the cut showing showing the result secured from the test of two different lots of seed, the better- looking seed giving the poorer result. This article or the illustration will not be sent to any other pap^r in Durham County". We may add here that 1 he ( anadian Countryman has been wonderfully wonderfully improved and contains every week some very timely and valuable special articles like this one. It is worthy of a place in every country home. It is published at 14 McCaul Street. Toronto, by the Canadian Countryman Publishing Co. at one dollar a year. It kj* weekly publication publication for the whole iftnily. From all that we have read and from an editor's outlook on the food situation, we believe that the farmers are facing one of the most prosperous periods ever known to this generation. The result of the continued shortage in attle, the future price of beef, and the solution of the perplexing prob em t of feeding the world, are vital ques-, tions uppermost in the minds of many i thinking people to-day, and they may j very well be, too. Western ranching | has declined greatly owing to advancing advancing c mditions in farming. One of the causes assigned for the decline in western stock-, aising h the reduction in the areas available for grazing on account of so many big ranches being converted into farms. The demand is constantly increasing while for t is Yes, He Can, by Thoroughly Cleaning and Testing His Seed Timely Article in The Canadian Countryman of Toronto. "In a farmer's grain bin there are ICO bushels of oats. He wishes to use it for t-eed. Under average conditions thirty bushels will not grow. If fed to stock this quantity will make good feed. If planted in the ground it will be lost. This represents conditions upon the average farm of Ontario. In any year it is poor policy to sow this unprofitable seed, but in th s year of high prices, and in this .year, when greater production is required, it is an especially poor policy. The first step to be taken in greater prH" nf '^ patriotism and for profit of frost upon seed grain. Tn one, a Western sample is shown, which is full, plump and from outward appearance appearance indicates a very fine quality of seed. The other dues not appear to be so good a seed in these particulars, yet the germination test has shown the finer appearing sample to he practically practically worthless, whereas the one ot j inferior appearance would give a fair- ly good crop. In securing seed; grain this year our Ontario farmers ought to be very careful about buying; West- ,reduction for ern grain for seed, and if it is-bought, must begin it ought to be tested before planting. rpha foundation of greater crop production is good seed. This shows the The foundation mgrea fieid ^ PP.^ fche oatg illus trated below. Volume. LXI No. 12 THE EDITOR TALKS West Durham farmers- will agree wifch.this Lindsay horseman, too, when he says: Get right into the good work and start this spring to raise colts, se that in thr e years' time the country will.be filled wiih young animals wh ch though not capable of doing the heaviest heaviest work,.will help to a. great extent in reliev.ng the situation. The class of animals to breed, are Clydesdales and Percherons. A word.to the wise is sufficient. Put this and that together together and figure out the situation for yourselves. Every farmer that has bred one colt each year in the past- should endeavor to double it next year. No $17o horses- in 1918, no matter matter how largely breeding is gone into, the price of which will be due to the devastation of the present war. Let • every farmer tlien endeavor to do hia part and assist at this particular time to relieve the crisis which may oo.me. Take time by the forelock and go into horse-breeding stronger than ever this year. This is the advice of a wise, intelligent intelligent horseman who knows what he is talking about, and it is to be hoped that his advice will be given the consideration which it richly deserves by the progressive farmers of Durham and Ontario Counties. For a number of years the Ontario I Agricultural College has been making drainage surveys for farmers free of charge except for traveling expenses. This offer is ugain renewed. Farmers having drainage difficulties may secure assistance by writ.ng the Depart- I m.ent oaf Physics. O.A.C., Guelph, for information and regular application forms. ______ with properly prepared seed grain.' Such was the gist of advice given by a speaker taking part in one ofi the meetings in the Eastern Counties, held under the auspices of the Dominion Government designed to encourage greater production among the farmers of Canada. and other reasons the supply is de- BANK OF MONTREAL) ESI ABLISHED ldl7 Incorporated by eAct of Varltamem Capital -- $16,000,000 Rest -- -- $16,000,000 Undiv. Profits 1,046,217.80 Savings Department Head Office, Montreal. J, A. McClellan, Manager, Bowmanville Branch. creasing. Tn ere can be only one re- I suit--pricvs must soar. The faimeis should therefore prepare for the new conditions by raising more good farm I stock of all kinds. Young stock mu-t be conserved th s year if farmers wish i to be ready for the increased demand next year and aftei wards. home farms are better suit ed to m xed tanning ami there Ltbe same urgency for get- I ting ready to supply the pos.tive demand demand that is coming, too, apace. Durham county farmers are noted as good horse-breeders and are, no doubt, now viewing the horse situation situation optimistically. Present moderate prices need not be expected to long obtain, obtain, for a bet: er day for horsemen is , coming and that very .-oon. We have been re iding a sane article in Lindsay Daily Warder that tits m here nicely: A local horseman informed The Warder that in his opinion it was never so essential for the breeders farmers of this country to consider wisely the horse-raising problem right as now. The country is rapidly becom, ing depleted of its supply of good animals animals from the great drain occasioned I by war. Lord Kitchener stated that war may continue three years. Where ' Will the supply of horses be then, it breeding is not stimulated to some ex tent greater than in the past ? There will not be enough animals in three years to supply the wants of. farmers and the result will be an increased price for all classes o#horses from this forward. DURHAM COUNTY BOYS At the University of Toronto Engineering Engineering Society elections on Friday March 12 Mr. Bru e Honeywell, Science T7, was elected Vice President of the Society for the coming year. This Society is the oldest oldest engineering society on the • American continent and the strongest under-graduate under-graduate organization in the University of Toronto. During the past year Mr. Honeywell has been the President. of his second year as well as representing . his year'at the Executive of the Society. Bruce is one of our own Bowmanville High School boys whose educational career career we are watching with more than ordinary ordinary interest. Children Cry FOR FLETCHER'S CASTOR I A And this is the situation as it generally generally exists. Every year thousands ot bushels of seed grain are sown whieri are absolutely lost. If fed to animals it would produce good feed ana £ profit; when plan ed it produces noth ing. One duty of the farmer in the movement for greater produc tior must be to insure a high grade of seed this spring. What Is Seed ? Now, a seed does not merely mean grain, as it is often looked upon to be. That seed contains a germ, which, under under proper conditions, has the power to grow. It has the power to gather substance out of the atmosphere, ener- gv from the sunshine, to take up nutriment nutriment from the earth, and from these to build a plant. It also contains a quantity of food, which, m the early stages, feeds the young germ before it is able to make use of the food materials materials around it. When planted m the soil, the moisture, heat and air causes the seed to sprout A tiny rootlet is sent into the ground and a stem towards towards the surface. In the early stages the root is ot capable of gathering foad materials, nor is the stem, Hence, the germ is forced to live upon the food stored within the seed until such time as roots and stem can secure proper nourishment. It, therefore, follows that unless the germ is strong and vigorous and unless Ihe food supply supply is sufficient to carry it over for a sufficient length of time, no plant can be formed. What Is It Worth ? m a patriotic- and production meeting leld recently, the statement was made -hat it would be profita ole to pay $4.00 a bushel for first class seed oats in preference preference to planting a cheap, inferior quality- This remark - was criticized ay some farmers in the audience. Ot course, it was made by the sqeaker only to emphasize the importance ot good seed; for good seed versus poor seed is simply a question of good versus versus poor crops. And so a considerable outlay might be made profitably to secure the good crop in this war year, when extraordinary conditions have made a large production from the farms of Ontario imperative. "But how can I determine the value of grain for seed ? " is asked by a good many men. The vitality of some seeds may be quite accurately estimated from outward outward appearance, or by examining it to see if the germ has been injured. Clover and' timothy seed, which is bright and fresh in appearance, can usually be relied upon to give satisfactory satisfactory results, su far as germination is concerned. With wheat and other cereals injury to the vitality is usually indicated by the shrunken and lusterless lusterless appearance of the grain All seed grain of every nature should be tested for both germination power and vitality. vitality. A simple method of accomplishing accomplishing this is by sprouting a certain number number of grain between damp cloths, sheets of blotting paper, or inmost soil kept in a warm p ace. 1 his is work that, to be most effective, must be done now. In testing, as mu -h importance importance should be placed upon the vitality test as upon the germination test. Seeds placed under favorable conditions may germinate, but if .trie vitality energy is low, they will rot in the soil if thev encounter a wet, co.d The editor of this journal is not a farmer but thinks he knows a few things about farming. One is that it pays big dividends to dram farm lands thoroly. The Ontario Agncultu al College reports to us that the Crop year of 1914 was the driest on re ord in Ontario 1 The precipitation from harvest 1918 to harvest 1914 lacked of inches of being up to the average. This is a shortage of almost <30 per cent. The College has often staled that tile drainage was effective in a dry season as well as in a wet one, and last year it was able to prove this in a most practical way. Since 1912 the College has been installing Practical Drainage Demonstration Plots in parts of the province where little or no drainage has been done. The plan is to drain h df of a field, leaving the other half undrained for comparison. Botn parts are sowed to the same kind, of grain and the crop from each part threshe.l separately. Nine plots w re drained prior to 1914. The average of the nine fields showed that at market prices at threshing time, the drained half produced $14.12 more per acre than the undrained half, and that m the driest year on record. In an average average season the average increase due to drainage is over $20 per acre, and m a wet- season even more. The nlumoer finer appearing seed has been frozen As a seed gram it is a P P ' total loss. The Germination Test shows it up. total loss. In the selection of seeds of any kind, these two factors must always be considered--the considered--the strength of germ, as indicated indicated by the lustre of the seed and the food material, as indicated by its The vitality of grain is influenced < largely by climatic conditions pt*e- ; vailing during the ripening and har- j vesting period. When H is injured by i too much moisture during harvest, the degree of injury is indicated by , outside appearance. The most s Aious damage is caused by early fall frost, , and in this case the extent of the m- j jury is riot always apparent. It oat-, are frosted in a certain stage in Their development, the germ may be injured injured or entirely killed, but the kernel may be plump, and will not indicate the damage from outward appearance. Usually the germ appears as a biacK line when the kernel is cut through lengthwise, but this is not always a reliable test. The vitality of bailey i and corn that has been subjected to early fall frost is also very uncertain. , In the accompanying illustrations two samples of seed oats are shown, which indicate very clearly the effect season after being sown. Practically the same test will serve both ends. After the seed has sprouted a count should be taken of the number of dead seeds. After that the experiment should be continued for some days, and a second count taken of strong and weak plants. This will indicate roughly both the germinating powei and vitality of seed. , , Many questions have been askedre- gardi.g the vitality of old seed. The resuli obtained by the Dominion Seed Branch indicates clearly that the vitality vitality of oats and wheat will be retained _ i « 1-P 4-Ln on ninlri form» 1 :? IS WELL MATURED AND STOR IN A COOL DRY PLACE. Very few samples lost more than 5 per ce.it in germination during the s veil that the test was conducted. With clovers considerable loss occurs regularly regularly year from year. Timothy seed retains its vitality much better than clover seed, but not so well as cereals.- Hence this spring efforts should be made to secure new timothy and clover clover seed, and cereal- that are either new or have been stored under proper conditions. Continued on page four A change in the business management management of a metropolitan daily newspaper newspaper is always a matter of considvi able interest.to the journalistic fiat-er- liity. On Monday March 15 Mi. C. Lesslie Wilson, elder > oil of Mr. ». Frank Wilson, a Durham county boy, native of Port Hope, assumed the responsible responsible office of General Manager of The Dailv News of Toronto, succeeding succeeding Mr- C. T Pearce who has filled that office since 1903. Mr. Wilson has acquired acquired Mr. Pearce's stock interest in The News. Sir John Willison is the Editor-in-Chief and President of the Company so that the editorial policy of The News will not be changed. Our interest in this appointment is far more than a passing one. because the writer has had continuous business relations relations with Mr. S. Frank W llson since October 1882, excepting one year. Mr WiLon established in the seventies seventies what is known to the trade as a "Ready Print" business; that is, there is printed in liis office one side of a newsp per which is shipped weekly to the country publishers using ready- printed insides or outsides. The Statesman has been so printed by The Wilson Publishing Co., Toronto, for some 32 years, and for some years Mr. C. Lesslie Wilson has been the Business Manager, and possibly no one of their ne rly 200 customers m the Dominion has had more frequent, more intimate, or more extensive business business relations with the firm than we anc \ we take great pleasure m ! stating t-liat during these thirty-t wo years there lias not been the sb^-t ' '-ii.iii ur jftT 111 our ousiness transactions. transactions. Further, we iiftYS had the greatest satisfaction and pleasure m doing busine s with father and son. during the time that each has been manager of their large establishment. We believe Mr. 0. Lesslie Wilson will make a very successful business manager manager for The News Publishing Co. and we are sure he carries thv highest respect respect and best wishes of the newspaper publishers of this country to his new sphere of activity. Mr. Wilson has been honored by his fellow-citizens the past year as President of Toronto Canadian Canadian Club and for t wo terms has been President of the Toronto University Club an honor of which any young Canadian might well feel proud. m From a purely business standpoint this town is in a healthy condition. Trade has kept fairly good all winter and no perceptible want exists in any household. Very few laborers are out of work and several mechanics from out-of-town are employed here. Taxes are practically all paid in and business is running as usual. Business men have not curtailed their advertising; advertising; indeed, some have done more than usual and with excellent results. In this they have shown good business I shrewdness. 1 i 35 / c sr-:;aL