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2 The Canadian Statesman, Bowmanville, April 26,1989 Section Two Garden Hill Landfill Site Bursting with Historic Information In order to excavate an archaeological site, the location location is carefully divided into a grid. Each portion of the grid is then meticulously studied and earth is sifted sifted in order to collect any bones, pottery fragments or tools which may not be apparent to the casual observer. observer. The process is explained in a display at the Clarke Museum and Archives which was officially opened on Saturday, April 22. The site is a mock-up of what was ical dig last summer on the Gibbs property. Today's landfill operations operations contain the plastics and chemicals of a consumer society whereas the "middens" "middens" or garbage heaps of ancient people show evidence evidence of a culture which discovered last summer by students from Trent University University who were part of a summer field school at the site of a 500-year-old Indian Village near Garden Hill. Shown from left are: Elizabeth Gibbs, whose land contains contains the Iroquois Village site; Heather McKillop, of Northwestern Archaeological Associates; and Jaro Rimes, one of the Trent University students who participated participated in the dig. A 500-year-old landfill site excavated near Garden Hill helps us learn more about the people who lived in this comer of the continent continent since the last ice age. Of course, "landfill" is not quite the right description for the ancient trash heap discovered at an archaeolog- lived in closer harmony with its surroundings. Dr. Heather McKillop, of Northwest Archaeological Associates, described the find as being more like a "compost heap". And it is part of a five acre site which contains many other remnants remnants of an Iroquois village. Certain items from the u A New Adventure in Home Satellite Entertainmem. excavation, along with tools demonstrating tne archaeologist's archaeologist's profession, were on display on Saturday during the official opening of the Clarke Museum and Archives. Archives. The exhibit is simply entitled entitled "Dig". And it describes the findings at the Garden Hill site. Dr. McKillop points out that over 5,000 pieces of bone were discovered as well as particles of vegetables such as com and squash. "It . gives us a really good idea of . ceived for a what Indians of that time f°°t addition were eating," she explains.. Bones were found from not only deer but also various various kinds offish and even the now-extinct passenger pigeon. Judging from the materials discovered there, it would seem that deer was a principle source of food. Other discoveries included included fragments of tools and arrowheads' arrowheads' and numerous pieces of pottery. To date, there have been two digs at the Gibbs site. The first took place in 1983 when the landowners wished to build a driveway and wanted to have the site examined by archaeologists before the road was built. The more recent dig occurred occurred last year as part of a field school sponsored by Trent University. Students from Trent were responsible for most of the work, under the guidance of teaching staff. -- In her remarks at the opening of the museum, Dr. McKillop pointed out that the earliest evidence of human human settlement discovered in the Clarke Township area date back to 9,500 BC. This consists of an occasional scatter of stone tools that mark the camp sites and kill sites of the township's earliest earliest residents. She speculates tl)at these people moved into tne area not long after the last ice age when the glaciers glaciers retreated. By about 7,000 B.C., the climate of the area had improved improved and the tundra-like conditions were replaced by forests. Around 1,000 B.C., evidence of pottery appears for the first time in Ontario. And by A.D. 700, there is the introduction of agriculture agriculture - a development which allowed for permanent villages villages rather than the more mobile camps of the hunters. hunters. She noted, however, that the village such as the one discovered at the Gibbs site probably lasted no more than 20 years. At that point, it was necessary to move to more fertile land and reestablish reestablish another village. Dr. McKillop was one of the speakers at the opening ceremony held at the Clarke Township Museum and Archives Archives Saturday, April 22. Others in attendance for the program included Durham Durham East MPP Sam Cu- reatz, Mayor Marie Hubbard, Hubbard, Museum Board Chairman Helen MacDonald and Museum Curator Mark Jackman. Mr. Jackman noted noted that in addition to many interesting exhibits, one of the highlights of this year's activities at the museum will be the ongoing effort to raise funds for the future expansion expansion of the building. Approval has been reived reived for a 4,800 square 'hich will be jgh municipality. A further amount will ' be raised by various museum projects. • One of these will be the July 1 Charity Day Auction. Another project is the publication of a commemorative commemorative Clarke Township Museum Museum and Archives calendar. calendar. A third project is the wh funded, in part through the joint sponsorship of a presentation presentation by the drama group "Tanglefoot" during the Heritage Heritage Week '89 celebrations. Letter to the Editor THE STATl riting to ESMAN for its honest though chilling editorial editorial "Taxpayers Are Unwilling Unwilling To Balance The Budget". Your concerns have a long tradition. Part of the problem problem is the enormous expenditures expenditures on social programmes programmes best described about 500 B.C. by Polycrates, Polycrates, tyrant of Samos who observed that people are happier if you give them back a fraction of what you stole than if you never stole from them in the first place. Aristotle claimed democracies democracies could not survive because because they could not constrain constrain themselves. And to come to more recent times, Lenin observed there was no need to overthrow the democracies democracies because they would spend themselves to death. y But all this is not necessarily necessarily so. Next year the Thatcher government should show a small surplus. surplus. It is a question of leadership leadership and not some inevitable inevitable flaw in t' public. But what afcjut Canada? Instead of making a head-on attack the government made an end run. Free Trade will subject government spending spending to the discipline of the market place. We look to others for the discipline we cannot impose on ourselves. A sad comment that. Prof. James P. Lovekin 3 King St. W., Box 189 Colbome, Ontario. KOK1SO Announcement Larry Hornsby is pleased to announce announce he has gone into business for himself. Larry invites all customers, past and present, to please call him at 263-8154 for their heating and air-conditioning needs. A Jf. Heating and Air Conditioning Sales and Installation Oil -- Electric -- Gas Furnaces Air Cleaners and Humidifiers Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps MIRACLE'S ^i c 1 cbril 1 c wilh us Prices effective at Miracle Food Mart and Miracle Ultra Mart in all departments until Saturday April 29,1989 only. 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