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Car Costs Now Total $500 per Month The Canadian Statesman, Bowmanville, August 29,1990 9 It now costs the average Canadian more than $500 a month to own and operate an automobile, according to the 3.3 million member, not- for-profit Canadian Automobile Automobile Association (CAA), which recently released it's CAA "Car Costs 1990-1991" brochure. The CAA Car Costs report report is based on computations computations provided by Runzneim- er International, a management consulting firm which provides services to accurately measure costs of transportation, taxes, meals, goods and services, lodging and housing. Tar Costs 1990-1991" data reveals it costs average Canadian motorists $6,672 per year or $556 per month to own and operate their automobile. automobile. "Car Costs" is based on a 1990 Ford Tempo GL with a 2.3 litre, 4 cylinder engine which is driven 24,000 kilometres kilometres per year. The four- door sedan is equipped with standard features and optional optional accessories including AM-FM stereo, automatic transmission, power steering, steering, power disc brakes, rear window defogger, speed control, control, tilt steering wheel, en- ine block heater and heavy- uty battery. While monthly costs average average $556, "Car Costs" also reveals that expenses may vary from province to province province and according to the size of the car. For instance, owners of sub-compact cars in a low-cost province such as Alberta or Saskatchewan have the lowest expenses, at $5,645 per year or $470 per month. On the other hand, owners owners of full-size (8 cylinder) cars in high-cost provinces £ such as Quebec or Newfoundland Newfoundland can expect annual expenses of $8,327 or $694 per month. "Car Costs" figures show increases in both operating and fixed costs as compared to last year's figures.. Operating Operating costs (those directly related related to the number of kilometres kilometres driven) increased by six and a half per cent. They include fuel and oil at 5.71 cents per kilometre, maintenance maintenance at 1.68 cents per kilometre, kilometre, and tires at .76 cents per kilometre, totalling 8.15 cents per kilometre. Ownership costs change little with the amount driven. driven. These costs include insurance insurance ($100 deductible comprehensive, comprehensive, $250 deductible collision, $500,000 inclusive third party liability) at $786 per year; snow tires, $61 per year; license and registration, registration, $84 per year; depreciation depreciation $2,760 per year and finance finance expenses, $1,025 per year. Ownership costs total $4,716, up 14% from last year. Higher finance expenses expenses and depreciation costs were, the main reasons for this increase. Calculations of operating costs are made for annual driving distances of 16,000, 24,000 and 32,000 kilometres kilometres with gasoline priced at a national average of 54.9 cents per litre. The majority of the increase increase can be attributed to higher federal and provincial provincial taxes. The federal excise tax on gasoline, which all Canadian motorists pay, has increased one cent per litre since the publication of "Car Costs 1989-1990". Operating costs and ownership ownership costs are provided in the brochure on a national basis complete with a ranking ranking of provinces according to high to low cost. The average average per kilometre cost is determined determined by combining operating operating and ownership costs. For example, a motorist driving 16,000 kilometres per year will encounter expenses expenses of about $1,304.00 in operating costs (16, 000 kms at 8.15 cents) and $4,716.00 in ownership costs, for a total total of $6,020.00 or 37.6 cents per kilometre ($6,020 divided divided by 16,000 kms). Last year, the same driver driver owning and operating a 4 cylinder 1989 Ford Tempo and travelling the same distance distance would have incurred ,a per kilometre cost of 33.5 cents. According to CAA President President Michael McNeil, "despite "despite rising costs, the automobile automobile continues to provide Canadians with the only viable viable transportation option allowing for personal freedom freedom and mobility. Motorists are subject to governments' unfairness in taxation policies, particularly particularly as they relate to motive fuels, due to the essential nature of the passenger automobile automobile in Canada and governments' governments' insatiable appetite appetite for more revenue. Single copies of "Car Costs 1990-1991" are available available from most CAA Member Clubs or by sending a self- addressed, stamped, business-size business-size envelope to the Canadian Canadian Automobile Association, Association, 1775 Courtwood Crescent, Ottawa, Ontario, K2C 3J2 The CAA is the federation federation of every not-for-profit provincial and regional motor motor club in Canada. Handling It... by Lloyd Scott THE REGIONAL MUNICIPALITY OF DURHAM DURHAM HOLIDAY CLOSURE OF SANITARY LANDFILL SITE The CARTWRIGHT AND SCUGOG TRANSFER STATIONS STATIONS will be closed on Monday, Septembers; 1990, for the Labour Day Holiday. Normal operations will resume on Tuesday, September 4, 1990. W.A. TWELVETREES, P. ENG. COMMISSIONER OF WORKS I'm continuing my summary summary of recent research findings findings on the impact of divorce on families. Again, the source is Family Therapy News, a publication of the American (and Ontario) Association Association for Marriage and Family Therapy. One great value of such on-going studies is that they reveal patterns and trends which alert us to possible family troubles following divorce. divorce. Here are a few more points concerning children of divorce. These are research research findings not predictions. predictions. 1. Single parent mothers and daughters tend to become become veiy close emotionally -- sometimes too close -- until until the onset of adolescence. Then, conflict increases, especially especially if the daughter enters enters puberty at an early age, when she gets into conflict with her mother over sexual behaviour and other acting- out problems. The closeness they experienced earlier becomes becomes a threat to the daughter daughter who is, as a teenager, trying to become a separate individual. 2. .Nori-custodial fathers tend to have unreal relationships relationships with their children. As high as 50% of children of divorced parents hadn't seen, their non-custodial father in the previous year, and only 16% had seen him once a week or more. Many fathers with young children take on what the study calls a "tour guide role" - indulgent and non-authoritarian - which leaves the mother in the gorilla gorilla role at home. 3. Greater involvement on non-custodial fathers in the lives of their children is good for everyone - father's, children and mothers - but nioreso when parental conflict conflict is low. This study warns that joint custody arrangements arrangements can be disastrous when there are high levels of parental conflict, which can lead to increased fighting fighting over the children. Earlier studies, which favoured favoured joint custody, had been done on families in which divorcing parents were already co-operating well with each other. Turning to remarriage, this study found that 70% of the divorced mothers were, re-married by the time of the six-year follow-up in the research. Both boys and girls, who were pre-and early early adolescents by this time, were overcoming their initial initial resistance to accepting the step-father into the family. family. When the step-father refrained refrained from a disciplinary role and worked on building a relationship with the children, children, boys tended to accept and sometimes value tne presence of the step-father. On the other hand, girls in remarried families were particularly hard on stepfathers, stepfathers, no matter how tne behaved. Step-fathers, whether they were distant,. authoritative or permissive, were seen by the girls as intruders intruders in their close, tight relationships with their mothers. The girls negative reactions were particularly strong when stepfathers tried to set new rules for the families. Remarriages, when children children are ages 9-15, may be problematic. Younger children children may find it easier to accept accept a new male authority. Children older than that range maybe starting to feel comfortable about leaving home themselves, partly be cause there'll be someone at home, the step-father, to look after their custodial parent-mother. The 9-15 group are less adaptable than younger children. Less grown up and less free than older teenagers, they're likely likely to feel more trapped in the remarried (blended) families. The years of adjustment adjustment for tms age group may be difficult ones for them, the adults and others in the family. This study confirms that remarried families work better better when the step-parent tries, initially, to build a positive relationship with the children. Furthermore, it's best for the step-parent to support the- original parent's parent's parenting style, then gradually adapt his or her parenting style to the overall overall needs of the new family. It also confirms that children children of divorce can be buffered buffered from harmful effects of trouble with parents and step-parents by positive contacts contacts with favourable outside outside influence such as grandparents, schools, churches and clubs. Among the available means for remarried families families to help themselves reorganize reorganize in healthier ways of relating are two books, one of which I've recommended before. It's titled, Surviving The Breakup, How Parents and Children Cope With Divorce Divorce by Judith Wallerstein and Joan Kelly. The other is a follow-up study, Second Chances - Men, Women and Children, A Decade After Divorce, Divorce, also by Judith Wallerstein. Wallerstein. Lloyd Scott is a Marriage and Family Councillor living and working in the Durham- Northumberlnnd area. Lottery funds help people with disabilities. Sharmila lost a leg to cancer when she was six years old. With the help of a prosthetic leg, Sharmila is able to skip and swim with her friends. Helping people with disabilities is just one way lottery funds are used. Lottery funds are also used to provide grants in other areas such as sports and recreation, arts and culture, hospitals, and provincewide provincewide charities. This is how Lottery funds are working for you in your area. ■i Lung Association (Hastings-Princc Edward), Belleville Outreach Abuse Prevention, Oshawa Peterborough and District Infor* mation Centre and Volunteer, Peterborough Peterborough These organizations have received funding through the Trillium _ e , Foundation Ontario Lottery Corporation 'together we're making good things happen. Prices effective at Miracle Food Mart and Miracle Ultra Mart in all departments subject to availability until Sat. September 1,1990 only. Savings indicated are off our own regular prices. We reserve the right to limit quantities. COMMITTEE FOR When it comes to Sunday Shopping the T7 \ T¥~> ÇT T /^VTVTYT~VTZ"' real Issue is Fairness. And vour Right to Choose. I* t \ I IX » . I II /I X OPEN SUNDAY-10 am to 6 pm CLOSED LABOUR DAY-MON. 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