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One of the chief articles of reform is the appointment of only good men for office. A really upright man stands little chance for an official position. while the worst men are promoted, the men who will crush the Armenians the most successfully. The colonel who su- perintended the pillage and massacre at Harpoot last year was soon made a brigadier; and the acting governor of. It is not necessary to multiply exam- ples. No greater farce was ever enact- ed than that which is now. being play- ed in the presence of Europe for the purpose of stavi-ng off intervention. The simple truth is the Turks do not wish reform, and they are utterly unable to carry out any suitable measures look- ing in that direction should the desire suddenly seize them. Meanwhile, the poor Armenians are suffering from fear, from poverty and hunger, and oppres- eion, without a single tangible sign that there is to be any improvement. The whole population would be glad to emi- grate, but until within a few weeks that privilege has been denied them. Even now, passports are obtained with difficulty, and just now they are de- clined altogether again. The conditions here now are intolerable to Armenians who have any self-respect, and it is not surprising that they are willing to sacrifice property, and to incur the hardship of emigration and life in a new country in order to escape from the clutches of the Turks who are deter- mined to reduce them to their: former condition of serfdom. The deportation of a whole race is impossible, and the hope is not abandoned that the Eur- opean powers may yet interpose in such a way as to secure genuine reform und- er their own supervision, to such a de- gree, at least, as shall make life in this country tolerable. his case. The order is promulgated from the capital that the cases of all prisoners are to receive immediate at- tention, that all who are in prison without just cause are to be released at once; and all criminal judges are threatened with punishment who al- low an innocent man to remain in pri- son more than two w,eeks and yet the the prisons are full of men who have never 'had a hearing, and there are multitudes of innocent Armenians un- der sentence upon the ridiculous charge of burning their own houses, and incit- ing the Turks and Koords to perpetrate the massacre of their own people last year. No pressure is to be used in the collection of taxes; but the violence, extortion and brutality practised dur- the past month by the tax gatherers have been scarcely less severe than the pillage of last year. In multitudes of cases the scanty preparation which. the poor had made for the winter has been swallowed up by the treasury. E8111 and its district, who with three 'ouher officials planned and superintend- ed the massacre an that place in Sep- tember last. has become a real gov- ernor in an adjoining district, and this is a promotion. The Lgin people are among the elite of their nation, and the pages of history cannot show a. more unprovoked and fiendish massacre than this, and yet in the midst of all this bluster about reform the chief insiigaior of ii, is promoted to an even more responsible position. Meanwhile, the Christian world should understand that the present needs of the Armenians are desperate. Multitudefi of them are absolutely de- pendent upon charity, and they will not survive the Winter unless they are fed and clothed by outside benevolence. Let us keep them alive still and see whether a brighter future may not dawn upon them soon. They are a worthy people. The acceptance by the sultan of the scheme of reforms which was pressed upon him by European powers became the signal for the series of massacres Which desolated the land and horri- fied the civilized world. His majesty tom the ambassadors, as it is said, that if this scheme were pressed, he could not be responsible for the preserva- tion of order, and this indirect threat was executed with a thoroughness which. evervbodj’ knows. change is made, and the local officials laugh in their sleeves, knowing that it is only another attempt to throw dust in European eyes. The courts are ordered to administer even justice, but bribery is as umblushin-g as ever, and the man who pays the most money wins g' ger snaps. ,t‘s youerw The massacres in the interior of the country did not seem to affect the Eu- ropean governments particularly, but that at Constantinople was before their very eyes, as it were, and their remon- strances have been more pronounced, and the sultan has: set about reform in earnest; at least, that is what he says. Inspectors are sent to all parts ot the country to examine into the different departments, and to correct abuses; the telegraph is busy in send- Don’t let me catch you in here again, roared the grocte a_s be spanked the boy that thad been flllmg his pockets with DIDN’T MEAN TO BE CAUGHT. 113‘s your. own fault that you caught i: this time, sobbed the struggling CURRENT N0 T E S. We should all aim to find the happy medium, A brig ht, wholesome young girl of between sixteen and seventeen, although in school, is a wonderiul help to her hardworking mother, who has a large family besides boarders and no help 1s employed. The daughter rises very early every morning and helps to prepare breakfast, does up the work and assists in many other ways. After school she does much to- ward the preparation of the warm supper. On Sa-yturda 5 she bakes, and 1s generally busy. She is also an ac- oompllshed seamstress, and can make her own clothes. By some she would he_ca.lled a. com- manâ€"place girl. She is certainly a bright, happy, busy girl who will de- velop into a noble, wholesome woman. Whepther she remains a. maid or be- comes the wife of some good man, her disposition and character are such that she will make herself welcome wherever she goes. Would there were more like her, and more mothers who believedin bringing up daughters to be self-reliant. Is there any reason why a boy shonld expeot to be independent and a glrl waited on? And yet we see parents in the middle and lower walks of. life who do not hesitate to say that their darling daughters shall be shielded from life’s cold blasts so long as they live. These selfsame parents must work early and late in order that their daughters shall be handâ€" somely dressed and be given every ac- compldshment. I tremble sometimes when I think of the future for them. Does not too great selfishness on the part of parents make tyrants of their children. Is the mother who gives up her life for her children, who slaves early and late in order that they may take hie easy, respected and honor- ed as much as the one who is wise enough to teach them self-reliance and to expect their help from babyhood up? We mothers have many things to learn. Alas, that some of us learn these lessons too 1a:te.0, may we be spared what some parents are going through _l _ LESSONS FOR MOTHERS. My heart aehes for some of the girls otf my acquaintance Whose mothers are bringing them up in idleness. “Know- ledge is always power,” and. the girl who has a thorough understanding of all housewiiely accomplishments will feel thankful in the years to come, even though she may rebel against it. in early life. A woman of middle age who was married at the age of seventeen re- marked onoe that she never had a mo- ment’s comfort for the first year of her married life lest her husband should bring some friend home to dine with them. This same woman had never prepared a single article of food or washed a dish when she entered the matrimonial state, and yet she is bringing up her daughter in the same way. We all know that it is much easier to learn things when we are children than when we have reached years of. maturity. This is especially true of housekeeping. \Vhile we admit that there are women who have persever- ance and determination enough to mas- ter anything and to become model housekeepers after their marriage, there are a greater number who make hard work of. it and never succeed. System in housekeeping means every- thing, and the child who is taught by a wise mother to do the little tasks over and over every day will in time become thorough and methodical. Chil- dren of ten years can be taught to make rolls, muffins. puddings and cake, and even bread. The younger they begin the more they enjoy it. Cook- ing to the majority of little folks is a novel game or pastime. I have known many a girl who was not per- mitted to “muss in the kitchen,” be- cause she made too much trouble, stay home on some pretext or other when. the family were going away and spend the entire day baking and experimentâ€" ing.’ 0n the other hand, there issuch a thing as expecting too much. of young girls: especially Where there is a la.rge_ta.m:1_ly and; nohlelp is employed. ~‘I' A highly educated, matterâ€" of-fact man and his wife have but one child who is a spoiled creature of fashion. She was a selfish, thoughtless, exacting girl who has become aifrivolous wo- man. Her mother prided herself that her daughter’s hands should never be soiled with dish water, nor should she even make her own bed. To be sure, her hands are white as the lilies, her face and form are divine-1y fair, but that beauty which shines from within is left out. Her father is a. disappoint- ed man, but the mother is still blind to the girl’s faults._ As you value the future happiness of yourself and daughters, teach them to be happy useful women. Let them have a thorough knowledge of house- keeping in all its details. No matter in what station of life they are situat- ed. No matter whether you ever ex- pect them to keep house or not. The time will come when they will be grateful to you for such knowledge. Experimenting on a husband is a very different thing from learning the true science of housekeeping with a kind, judicious mother._ \Ve will suppose that the fat has all been carefme tried out, and strained, and this a servant can do, as the grease accumulates, never allowing it to be- come tainted. If you will save your old tomato cans you will find them a great convenience (to strain your grease into, as two of them will hold five pounds, just enough to use with one box of potash. For the two tomato cans of grease, or five pounds in cakes, you will need one box of any first-class potash. Put into your pan or- kettle eight quarts of lake-warm water, your cans or cakes of grease; take the top off the potash can and put in can and contents, plac- MAKING SOAP. Carrie May Ashton. in-g your kettle where it will heat grad- ually. When the grease is melted and the potash dissolved, take out the cans and let the water come to a boil, stir- ring occasionally, After it has boiled away a little, put in two more quarts of water. it “'11". need to boil Slowly. for two or three hours before it Will be soap. \Vhen it begins to 100k soapy throw in two {tablespooniuls of salt, and boil till smooth again as the salt Prune Puddingâ€"When eggs are plen- ty, try a prune pudding, W’hip the whites of five eggs to a stiff froth and add slowly five tablespoonfuls of pow- dered sugar. Then add one cup of strain- ed prunes, chopped fine (use no juice), and beat very light. Put into a small pudding dish and bake ten minutes. Beat the yolks of the eggs till light, add half a cup of sugar, and heat till creamy, then add a pint of hot milk and cook over hot water till thick like soft custard. Serve this Tith the pud- ding as a sauce. This is the best when served hot and is a. delicate yet appetiz- lng and nutritious dessert. may cause the soap and water to sep- arate at first. Li your kettle gets too hot by any chance and. is llKely to run over, throw in a little cold water, and it is done, take out a little in a saucer. and try it, like jelly, by cooling it. if it separates, put it back, and dip out some more and try putting a little cold. water in it, stirrmg it. if that thick- ens it, you Will know that more water 1s needed, and you can put m a quart of cold water; stir it well and try some agam; If it hardens when @0011 ll: isall right. A little experience will soon enable you to tell Just what it neegs. Parisienne Potatoesâ€"Pare potatoes and cut them in dice, drop into boil- ing water and cook till tender but not broken, turn into a saucepan with two tablespoo-nfuls of butter to a pint of potatoes and keep on the back of the stove ten minutes shaking occasional- ly to distribute the butter evenly. Sprinkle with salt and pepper and a tablespoonful of chopped parsley and serve in a hot dish. If the children require a between meal lunch, or think they do, health demands that it shall be very simple. Bits of pies, cookies, meat or cake may be convenient and it may seemoecono- my to have these pieces thus dlsposed of, mstead of appearing at a regular meal, but they should not be given to the little ones. Elam bread and butter, or bread and milk, nothing richer, or more complex of digestion, shouid be given between meals. It will save many interruptions and much impatience on the part of the mothers if the bread and butter is pre- pared at the regular meal and set aside for this light lunch. ____ 0'" If you do not have water enough for the proportion of potash, it Will sepa- rate even after it has boiled surfi- mently. if it does not 56parate nor harden on being comed there. is too much water, and you must boil 1t down more. When it is just right pour it out in a vessel to cool. A square wooden bOX. diVlded into sections, the size for bars, is very convenient. lt should be deep enough to make thick bars, as the 5039 will dry away greatly. “Then you 911‘} the soap away see that you have it in a light, airy place. or it will turn dark. it will preserve its shape better If you do not pile it up while it is soft. Five pounds of grease will make four- teen large bars of soap, and will not cost you a cent a bar, and you will have the satisfaction of knowing that It 18 pure and of excellent cleansing proporties. Buckwheat Cakes \Vithout Yeast.â€" Scald half a. cup of corn meal with two and a half cups of milk, or milk and water. \Vhen cool, add two tablespoon- fuls of molasses, one tablespoonful of salt and sufficient buckwheat flour to make a thin batter. Stir in two tea- spoonfuls of baking powder and begin to bake at once. Or sour milk may be used to make the batter, and a tea- spoonful of soda in place of the bak- ing powder. “I desire to thank the friends and neighbors most heartily in this man- ner for their united aid and coâ€"operation during the illness and death of my re- cent husband, who escaped from me by the hand of death on Friday last while eating his breakfast. To the friends and all who contributed so willingly to- ward making the last moments and funeral of my husband a howling suc- cess I desire to be remembered most kindly, hoping these lines will find you enjoying the same blessing. I also have a good milch cow and a roan gelding horse which I will sell cheapâ€"Also a black and white shoat, very low. A despaltch from St. Catharines says: â€"The death took place on Thursday night, at the residence of Mr. Joseph Johnson, this city, of his brother, James of Port Dalhousie. Some weeks ago, deceased, in company with his brother Robert. came to rfhis city, and, after spending the evening, he- came separated, and in gomg home Robert fell into the new canal and was drowned. James ”blamed himself for his brother’s death and since then has gradually declined in health. He would not be comforted. and practically died of a broken heart. Deceased was 46 years of age and unmarried. Pens are made by machines which seem almost to think. The steel is cut into ribbocns as wide as the length of one pen, and these are fed to machines which cut out the blanks, then fashion, stamp,them, split the points and place the maker’s name on the hacks. The pens are now complete, save the anneal- ing, and this forms a separate opera- tion. After being annealed they are counted and placed in boxes. A mach- ine has been invented for performing both these operations. Only one out of every 1,000 married couples live to celebrate their golden) weflding FRETTED HIMSELF TO DEATH. GOLDEN \VEDDINGS RARE. BETWEEN MEAL DISHES. HOW PENS ARE MADE. ESCAPED BY DEATH. DOMESTICE RECIPES. Lord Roberts Reconnts Some Thrilling Acts of Braveryâ€"Sept)” Blown From Guns as a Reward for Treachery. left to attach him$elf to the famous column which advanced to the relief of Delhi. Military critics will read with avidity his minute account of the pro- gress of the column. The general reahed is more interested in the broad outlines of the narrative. Sir John Lawrence was resolved to make short work of: Delhi,” and the British moved on the city as rapidly as possible, though in numbers pathetically small when the magnitude of the task is remembered. Lord Roberts shows a thrilling state of affairs in the northwest at this time. iMore and more regiments were becoming disaffected every day; it was necessary to disarm and disband some of them under circumstances in the 13.th degree delicate, the English officers and men being outnumbered by the na- tives, and not daring to let the latter know of their strength until the troops were actually i â€"Mukarrab Khan. by nameâ€"pushed his left arm, on which he carried a. shield! between them, thus preventing their being shut; on his hand being badly wounded by a sword cut, he drew it out, instantly thrusting in the other arm, when the right hand was all but severed from the wrist. But he gained his object; the doors could not be clos- ed, and were soon forced open alto- gether, upon which the 4th Punjab In- fantry, the 53rd, 93rd and some of the detachments swarmed in.” It is un- necessary to linger over the ensuing passages in the chapter from which this is taken. The SCENE OF BLOODSH'ED a sepoy standard, he just mentions the fact in a footnote. But he embodies in his text nearly all his stories of the deeds of other men, and the long stretches of minute military descrip- tion calculated to appeal to the spe- cialist alone, are enlivened by touches which bring the Treachery arose not only in garrison towns but among the native troops acâ€" companying the column ordered to Delhi, and Lord Roberts describes one court martial on the way to that city . in. which. two men were condemned to be blown from guns. It is interesting to note at this point that the court was composed of native officers, show- ing that there was still loyalty among the native troops. In fact, there were splendid examples of heroic steadfast- ness shown all over the country by the native soldiers and Lord Roberts pays hearty tribute to the Sikhs and Ghurkas especially, who, in many ac- tions, proved themselves to be among the most loyal and useful troops inthe service. Heroism, indeed, was the order of the day when once the mutinous storm broke and its counter-storm of devotion was loosed. Lord Roberts is one of the most modest soldiers who ever wrote memoirs, and when he wins the Victoria Cross for gallantry insav- ing a life in action and for capturing HUMAN SIDE OF THE WAR vividly before us. There is, for exam- ple, the anecdote of an ensign of the 690th Rifles. Napier, by name, who was hit in. the leg in an engagement dur- ing the campaign against Delhi. The moment he was brought into camp the limb had to be amputated. “\Vhen the operation was over, Napier was heard to murmur, “I shall {never lead the Rifles again! I shall never lead the Rifles again 1" His wound he thought little of. What grieved him was the idea of having to give up his career as a soldier and to leave the regiment he was so proud of. Napier was taken to Meerut, where he died a few days afterward.” Lord Roberts tells us also that heroism was not confined to offiâ€" cers alone, or even to their men. He speaks of the daring of the native ser- vants and followers generally. \Vhen Sir Colin Campbell appealed to the troopers of the 9th Lancers, asking to whom they thought should be they unanimously advised its bestowal upon the head “bhistie,” or water carrier. At the siege of Lucknow, when the British had made an opening three feet from the ground and about three feet wide in the wall of the Sikandagrbaoh, one of the outlying defences the emuja- tion among the troops as to who should go first through the deadly breach into an enclosure held by some two thousand Sepoys was as Lord Roberts says, “a magnificent sight, at sight never to be forgotten." The prize to the winner of the race was certain death, but “Highlanders and Sikhs, Punjabi. Mahometans, Dogras and Paâ€" thans all View with each other in the generous competition.” A High-lander cleared the breach first and was shot dead. A Pulnjabi infantry next met the same fate. Then Lieutenant Cooper made the passage in safety and the British poured in behind him. “ A drummer boy of the 93rd must have been one of the first to pass between life and death,” says Lord Rob- erts, “for when. I got in I found him just inside the breach, lying on his back. quite dead-a pretty, innocent- looking, fairâ€"haired lad, not more than fourteen years of age.” It was a Pun- iabi Mahometan who set the climax to this drama of the Sikandarbagh. “The enemy, having been driven out of the earthwork, made for the gateway, the heavy doors of which were in the act of_ being closed, when the Mahometan was one which Lord Roberts confessee requires the pen of Zola to be sympa- thetically described. Our author is compelled to traverse many such», but nothing could be more tactful. more mailbag than the manner in which he GIVEN THE VICTORIA CROC S THAT G RIM BOUNDARY THE PARADE GROUND. A New York doctor attributes the violent thirst which afflicts the maj- ority of bicycle rulers to the habit of breathing through the month while riding. The vigorous exercise causes all beginners and many old riders to breathe “(bro-ugh the mouth, with the result that the lips and throat 'become dry and parched. . The remedy, of course, is to keep the mouth shut. Men long for riches as they long for food They crave. love fame, they crave power, they crave knowledge, they crave silver and gold, and they live and die with their craving unsatisfied. Many a man who has given live to ths pursuit of material wealth has died in: want. This is the story of the alchem- ists of old, who devoted themselves to a search for the secret of turning all things to gold. There is longing that shall be satisfied, but it is not for 'gold shall be satisfied, but it is not for gold, “Blessed are they that hunger and thirst after righteousness, for they shall be filled.” has recited the events of his “We“ turous career. There are, asha ‘ said, numerous eloquent touehe . ' _ swbuch revrve the very momentpf velour, With the central figure, whichev be,.sple.ndidly DON-Fayed. That is 54:: perb picture of Nlcholson dying, . a hospital while the attack 11 was being prosecuted. General \Vil- son was wavering and there was talk of retirement from the position out he edge of the City, “Thank God, I have strength yet to shoot him, if news- saryl" exclaimed the wounded so] ' . and, as Lord Robei ts dryly adds: "Wu- son gave up all Idea of retre ' . But there must be an end to quotation and the nuggets of personalia must be left to the discernment of the reader, The practical value of the work before us is all that can be touched Upon in this place. The land was the coast of Nova Sco- tia, around Cape Breton. Cabot sailed along the coast adistanoe of at least thgee nnndred leagues. “In the year of our Lord 1497 Sebas- tian Cabot,a\’enctian, discovered that country which no one before their tithe had ventured to approachâ€"on June 24 at 5 o’clock in the morning. He called the Land ‘terra firmum visa,’ new-found land, because, as 1 conjecture, this is the place that first met his eye in look- ing from sea." SEBASTIAN CABOT. ESCOVERER OF THE AMERICAN MAIN LAN D. Story of "is Many Adventuresâ€"Mailed Over Unknown Seas in (hzlrgo or a Big Flotilla “’hon Twenty Years om ---llonored [W “is King and ('flllllil')’. Four hundred years ago on the 24111 of June next the foot of civilized man was first set on the American comi- nent. Sebastian Cabot is entiLled lo the credit of finding the mainland, and, as he was an Engiishman, his native country can to some degree divide the honors of discovery with Spain. Sebastian Cabot was born 2h Bristol, the son of John Cabot, a Venetian mer- chant, dwelling in that city either in 1476 or 1477, and was a traxelier from a very early age. \Vhen he was two or three years old he w as taken by the merchant-adventurer, his father, 011a difficult and perlious voyage to Venice. Early in the following year five ships set sail from Bristol. The navigator who was directing this enterprise was at this time only twenty or twenty-one years of age. He was in sole command in the ship Matthew, of 200 tons. An at- tempt has been made cflate years to show that his father, John Cabot, ac- companied the expedition, and was en- titled to much of. the credit. But the old and accepted versions of the time do not mention John Cabot except as Se- bastian’s father, and give the youth ALL THE GLORY. The navigator sailed almost due west, following the parallel and on June 24, sighted the New \Vorld. The best ac- count of this great event is given in a marginal note to Cabot’s map of 1544 in which the coast line discovered by him is traced. GIVEN A CHANCE, and a patent was made out in the name of his father, John, himself and his brothers, Lewis and Saucius, with the date of the 5th of March, 1496. It authorized them, their heirs or de- puties, to “sail to all parts, countries and seas, under our banners and en- signs, with five ships, upon their own proper costs and charges, to seek out. discover and find whatsoever isles, coun- tries, regions or provinces of the hea- then and infidels which before this time have been unknown to all Christians.” While he was still a mere boy he was fired by the first and second voyages of Columbus, which excited the whole world of that day. The youth, possessed of wealth, Seamanship and enthusiasm, beseiged the court of his King, Henry VIL, to authorize an expedition of dis- covery! Despite his youth, his many advantages caused Sebastian to be They were authorized to take posses- sion of all countries found, to subdue, occupy and exercise jurisdiction in the name of the King of England. The privilege of exclusive resort and traffic was secured to them, and the usual one- fifth of the profits was to go to the crown. THE DARING 0F A YOUTH KEEP YOUR MOUTH SHUT. '. THE LOVE OF RICHES. lo Antennas Peal Skull“. ‘Ilnll Nordort Breek, a Northwood, N. Y.. 3 since has amazed success in approac even coming up wi‘ ling it as if it were {Brock lives by l and bluejays and rabbit gather abo on the scraps that or to disten to hi peculiar that many it makes them Shi‘ sea a. dog in the vi a visit to Breek’s: the whereabouts a Breek laughs w] Lbout his animal 1 pvenirng, when 3‘ mg mto the, star Tones [edit called I picked the skunk i away hastily, but skunk to the d001 the stoop into the: purchased a sidl cheese, and mada‘ followed by 1116 S BREEK’S POWE sats are const antl; nus for a word strange man, a": 0113 to families set them. The Ndrthwm never belie ve be' foxes had gone 1 The applicati {vain cureâ€"which ous wet ove great y to provel acts on the. nerv pain out, and i Try it and be A machine dafly. A Grenville Cm Blindâ€"Feels Li by Four Boxes Cardinal, Fen ert McIntosh, known in this 0 this village has dangerous condi k1'dnsey disease. Wheny called up "During 1hree oen‘tly cured b Dodd’s Kidney intense suffew which ice-{rt gOiJ thpgh I “jag d it Hider advice Kidney Pills a.“ I now feel likq iei‘fectly cured form. Were your t] for charity 9. at Yes indeed! ‘ Indeed! You audience. to do it again. The best Com promptly. One year. 40 doses drug-gist; {Mexico is to mill. The Southem ida Central at are now Opera York and Mo: New York am Augustine. '11] P111 man's Ian (new: cam. di! sleeping qars cams, leav meg and C01 umbia. 112i a.m., Jax St. Augustine day. 'lhis 1ra sleeper NEW with (omnectic Aiken. 5- C This train 1 1w double (1 \Vashingt and 10.43 p.m ville wt 9.00 a. tively .the ‘1161 B. P. Era/581'. Buffalo, N .Y., Gene raâ€"l Agent Southern Rail GAN REE U - F0} further and sleeping I weak. Cure the IILE8’ (Billy: and III: FLORQDA IA FA RCME A FINA