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To cdmmenoe. have all milking uten- dls thoroughly clean do not use soap. Bime all milk and cream cans with cold water wash- thoroughly with warm. adding a little washing sodaoo- asionally. scald with boiling water and wipe. mdaet out of doors to air uncov- wed. says a writer. - Strain milk very carefully and not in a 0001 91m immediately sftor strait- lm lot it stand twenty-four hours in turn Wt. afl forty-eight in cool. BUTTER MAKING ON THE FARM Method of application: This will depend to some extent upon the crap to be grown and the previous treat- ment. of the sod]. If it is intended to saw clover. following on with some sale crop. the economical plan would be to put all the potash and phosphate on the clover. and depend on the latter to furnish the nitrogen; then the whole ma~s could be turned under the follow- ing spring. Such an arrangement would insure a good supply of plant food and organic matter for the suc- ceeding crop. If, however, it is intend- ed to fertilize some sale crop direct. it would be best to put on the mineral fertilizer referred to some time before planting time and barrow them into the soil. These fertilizers will not leach out of the soil. The nitrates on the other hand. are soluble materials and unless taken up by the plants at once they are apt to leach out, of the soil and be lost. It pays best. there- fore, to put on the nitrogen as a top dressing at planting time. In the case, of small grain. it is well to apply the1 nitrogen in broken doses at successivel periods of plant growth. I Time for application: Often the en- tire sui-cess of a crop is dependent upon the-time of applying the fertilizers; es- pecially is this the case during a dry season. Plants can drink but they eannnt mt. Hence. fertilizers when applied to the soil, must first pass in- to :1 Liquid condition, before they can be absorbed by the gro“ 1m: crop; if, therefore, fertilizers are put on just at planting time, and a season of dry weather follows, they are prevented from passing so readily into a liquid state and the plant 'is thus deprived of that nourishmrant at the time when it is so essential to give it. a. good start. On the other hand. ii the fertilizers are put on several “eeks before planting time they have a better opportunity to diseminate through the soil and ere ready for the plants when the plants are ready for them. Ill-balanced fertilizers: The plant must be. fed and must be fed properly. If given too much of one kind of food and not enouglh of another. nature's balance is disturbed, and an unhealthy plant results. The three plant food ingredients which are the first to he- ?ume exhausted in the soil and which must be supplied in the form of ferti- ‘izers. are nitrogen, potash and phos- uhOI‘it' acid. \Vtwn applied in the cor- wot proportions. and in a prOper man- ner. they mill nourish any plant and velusw :inincreased yield. If the nitro- mn is suppli id through clover or peas the extreme of this costly ingredient of plant. food can be saved and it re- main~ only for the farmer to set about putting; in the necessary quantities of 90ch and phosphates; these 119 (-an determine by a. little practical experi- menting. By putting different quanâ€" tities on different parts of the field. he run-soon ascertainâ€"what would be the llmgt of‘ profitable applications. seated in case. Moroper cultivation: To enable a growing crop to utilize the natural lupply of food in the soil, or that which he been artificially supplied, the soil flould be brought to the most perfect physical condition. If the latter be too compact. it becomes impervious to both it and water. and thus deprives the plant of at least a large part of the available plant food. Accordingly, if the soil itself be in a clodded or lumpy condition. the plant rootlets are re- tarded in their growth and a reduc- tion in the yield will he the inevitable ounaequence. Proper draining and a thorough working of the soil will go far toward putting it in good shape. An occasional dose of lime will also greatly improve tthe mechanical con- dition of the soil. It the latter should be. too heavy, the time will lighten it; if it he too light, the lime. will 'make it more compact, or sweeten it if it he sour. Experience has shown that it is poor policy to grow the same crop on the same soil year after year, and every farmer should therefore select a rota- tion .mitahle to his particular soil. As a general rule. however, the farmer will find it to his advantage to include some leguminous crop like clover or peas in his rotation, which have the faculty of absorbing the nitrogen from the air and thus adding to the soil’s na- lual suliply of plant food. GAMES OF POOR CROPS. Poor crops are bound to come at one time or another on almost every farm. Sometimes they are the result of na- tural also and sometimes they are not. Y1? natuni causes. we mean the element; and ethspher-io conditions, In for instance. when there has been too much heat or too much cold. It is. of course. beyond the power of the (arm! to control such conditions. It fivquently happens however. that even with a favorable season. a. poor crop is gathered, but such a result can be nvoided. A few of the canes which contribute to ill success are mentioned below nnd a. possible remedy is sug- gested in case. But. allowing for all these and oth- er exceptiom 10 the rule, we may say that the leniency in England is to quite fricn‘llg, intercourse with rivals, to assume that both sides are really at one on certain fundamental mat- ters, and that differences relate in the main to the more secondary issues. We. can >carcely conceive here of the bit- terspirit of personal animosity which Bismarck assumed to beaker of Wind- thorst, which Gambetta assumed to Mc- Mahon. or which the Republican De- puties in the Italian Chambers assume to Signor Crispi. On the Continent the gulf is so deep and wide that the sincere Republican holds the Monar- ciiisst as a bad man defending a bad causeâ€"a cause morally rottenâ€"and the feeling is reciprocated on the other ride. It all has its roots in history, and will. therefore. endure. It might be supposed that the explanation was ra- cial. but that is scarcely so. For among our own kinsmen in the United States. before the republic had become cosmopolitan. men of English descent were as fiercely opposed on the slavery question as rival parties in France are opposed at this hour. No Republi- Southerners; so that we see it is quite conceivable that personal hatred might, arise in England it there were a cause sufficient to bring it out. It is in the’ course of history. it is in the deveIOp- meat of imtitut one. that we must find, the oxnla‘natien of these rival attitudes of ninthâ€"London Spectators The Tendency Is To 011 m. Friendly lulcr course “'IIII Rivals. We do not deny, of course, the pres- ence of some exceptions to the rule of personal friendliness owing to politi- cal differences, The reign of George llI., during which, as we have said, a. foolish attempt was made to turn back the hands of the clock, furnishes some instances, the most noted of which was the rupture between Burke and Fox, the former of whom forgot for a time the very doctrines he had preach- ed. Pitt and Fox certainly had no love for one another, but difference of temperament: had as much to do with this as difference about policy. Can- ning was certainly hated by the obscur- antist Tories of the Castlereagh type. The relations between Disraeli and Mr. Gladstone were perhaps more formal and distant than between any rival leaders since the days of Pitt and Fox: but here again temperament “as a more powerful fac tor than Opinion, the! Celtic element in Mr. Gladstone's na- ture being antipathetic to the Semite character. It has been shown that more than 1,500 barrels of water per acre may escape from u’nplowed ground in one week in excess of the quantity which will pass off from nae-qua] area which has been plowed early and harrowed at frequent. intervals. Moreover, the ground which has been plowed late will continue to dry out during the season. at a rate in excess of the early plowed. This shows plainly that plowing and frequent harrowing are eantial, in order to retain soil moisâ€" ture. even though planting may be de-o layed. Although strawberry plants will not thrive where the soil is permanently wet, they do require abundant mois- ture both during the growing and fruiting seasons. The non-ol_:servanz_ie of this requirement is the occasion of heavy losses. In the first place. the ground for strawberries is often left until planting time before plowing, and breaks up in clods, occasioning much labor in preparation with barrow and roller. Although it may be possible to put such asoil. into fairly good condi- tion for planting the water which has been lost cannot be restored, and weeks may elapse before sufficient rain falls to keep the plants alive. ter is to be packed. \‘l ork salt thor- oughly in and wash again, working butter well in the water drain water off. and set butter away to be worked over. Let it stand twelve hours in warm weather and about three in cool. work over then, using ladle until ev- ery drop of water is thoroughly workâ€" ed out. Then make into prints or pack in stone jar that has been used for no other use but butter, and also been thoroughly washed and aired. V‘ hen jar is full, wring a piece of clean white cloth out of cold water, and put over butter, sprinkle some salt over this, and put a piece of clean, dry, white cloth over this and spread over thickly w ith salt, then tie a piece of cloth over all, or better yet, paste a piece of thick paper over all, so as to exclude all air. I have kept butter in this way lor sev- en and eight months and had it just as sweet and nice as when first made, and think any person can do the same, if done in this way. Wash, scald and thoroughly dry churn and butter bowl before putting away. temperature about 70 degrees. Stir cream thoroughly each' time. you skim fresh omen! in. Always have cream skimmed twelve hours before churn- ing in warm weather and twenty-four in cool weather; do not let cream stand too long before churning. Churn at least three times a Week in warm weather and twice in cool. Scald and rinse churn put cream in and use churn thermometer. have cream at churning point. Churn until butter comes, usual- ly taking from twenty to thirty min- utes. \\ hen butteris there, work dasher back and fortha few minutes to gather butter. let buttermilk run of! and 'put in cold water, work dasher again, rinse butter twice in this way, take out in butter bowl and salt, using one ounce to a pound of butter, a little more if but- FEELING IN BRITISH POLITICS. PLANTS AND MOISTURE. cams appear to have been a couple of years back. On another occasion. 1804, we were hotly fighting France. and negotiating with Spain in the most friendly man- ner. In fact, our vessels were being provisioned in the latter country's ports; when, without a. word of warn- mg, we captured four of her frigates. seized all the merchant vessels of more than 100 tons burden. and flank all smaller craft that ceme in our way. Another instance in which we swooped downs like await will 1807. when, in the words of I Mall writer. “The v V‘. of course, did not fight. but it was a much closer thing with France. for that country recalled her Ambassador from London, and the French people were as eager to give battle as the Ameri- in order to invite them to an enter- tainment. and the admiral actually paid a friendly visit. But next day he dis- closed the fact that he had come to enforce the immediate settlement of our claim, and gave the Greek Government twenty-four hours in. which to com- ply. After that he proceeded to hos- tilities, laid an embargo on the Greek merchant vessels in the port, and seized many others on the high seas. Greece. always are now, a notice not to the enemy but to the people, justifying the progressing war, and asking apfiroval and 'help. Some years before this England made War, on a very small scale, as abruptly as the flash of a meteor. Some time in 1850 thriteen British war vessels sailed into the Bay of Salamis. No doubt we had been pressing Greece to pay certain moneys due but so ignorant was that countrv of the intentions of the Sn- lam'is fleet that the King and Queen asked for THE DISPUTE WITH TURKEY. about the ”holy places" in Palestine, and seized the Danubiun principalities. On May 31, 1853, Russia issued the order to cross the River Pruth; on June 2 the English and French zadmirals were ordered to Besika Bay use counter- move; then some English and French warships were seam to Constantinople; an October 22 the English and French fleets, in spite of the treaty of 1841, en- tered the Dardanelles; on October 23 Turkey declared war against Russia; next Russia destroyed the Turkish fleet at Stiumpe; then, on January 4.1854, the English and French fleets entered the Black Sea, and ordered the Russian ships to retire to Sebastopol; the Rus- sian Ambassador was next withdrawn from London; after that the French and English Ambassadors left St. Pet- ershurg, and it was not till March 28; that the Sergea'nt-utâ€"Arms tmountedl the Royal Exchange steps and form-l ally declared war. France, by thel xx av, did it a day sooner. Of course, this declaration “as, vs hat declamtions Here is how some of the wars of pre- sent century commenced. There must, be many people living able to recall the reading of our declaration of War against. Russia from the steps of the Royal Exchange. That was. a “de- clarati'm of war," no doubt. but it came long after war had actually brok- en out, and it was not made. at. St. Pet- ershurg but in London. The events preceding it were briefly these: To begin with, Russia had There are many good reasons for this. Swiftness of communication, destruc- tiveness ofmudern artillery, ease of mobilization, the telegraph. and the great admnluge of striking the first blow, have entirely altered the aSpect of warfare. That nation was France in 1870. The practical importance of this is very great at the present time, unless the past is no longer to be taken as a. pre- cedent. How are actually commences is; therefore, a. matter of interest. Away back in history. when folks took things more leisurely than nowadays. it was always announced by heralds, and ample time was given for prepara- tion. As the centuries rolled on, how- ever. the enemy did not receive so much consideration, though neutral Powers were duly informed. For a long time now the custom has been to conceal the intention until. the commencement of actual hostilities disclosed it. And it is tolerably certain that the next war will open with. far less warning than usually precedes a thunderstorm. The matter was then. very exhaus- tively inquired into by the War Office. with the startling result that during a period extending over 170 years. only one case could be found in which the attacking nations lodged formal ’warn- ed: “Is it possible that. war could be declared against us, as we might 333': out of aclear sky, without any pre- vious notice that. a quarrel was im- pending 2" “The writer says: When the commit- tee of the Board of Trade was consider- mg the channel tunnel scheme, some years since, a prominent member ask- A Wanilc is Very Seldom Given - The â€" '. . . . ,, Powers Generally Begin Fighting With- 33%. gzgmgltgtgf'tgisngzegggs. out a Formal lieclaraiiol. r The feeling that Great Britain is on HOSTILE FEELINGS TO“ ARDS DENMARK. the eve of something more serious than frontier wars in Africa and India. is and the reason for this sudden move ' ' ' ‘ that memorable meeting-of Napol- gaanlng ground somewhat. and 8 recent 3‘8" , - ° - article inthe London Daily Mail comes eonl and Alexander on the river Nle men. when they agreed to lelde the as a reminder that the great wars of world between them. and as a prelim- recent times have broken out with inary, to compel Denmark. in company with Sweden. and Portugal. to declare great suddenness. war against England In self protecâ€" The writer says: When the conrmlt- tiorn. England hastened to upset their tee of the Board of Trade was consider- plans by seizing the powerful Danish ing the channel tunnel scheme. some fleet. . . Dyer. historian. says: “Great Britain ears sinc , ' .. t member ask- :d° “Is ite a inmfilfii v ld b has always been accustomed to com- ' 9033‘ e d“ ‘ ar 00“ e men'ce hostilities without a declaration declared against us, as we might say. of war." But all other countries do pre- out of a clear sky, without any pre- oisely the same. The United States, for vious notice that a quarrel was imâ€" instance, in 1812, declared war against us by an act of Congress on June 18. 93mins ?" ' but it had actually begun hostilities the file matter was then very exhaus- previous April by laying an embargo tively inquired into b the War Office. 0“ all ships in American ports. with th -t u. y 1 . . . It was not until July 25 that we 6 5 ar “‘8' resu t that during learned what the state of affairs was; a period extending over 170 years. only and then not by an intimation from one case could be found in which the Uncle Sam. but by means of despatches: attacking nations lodged formal 'warn- :91“:be the schooner Mackerel from‘ a 1 ax. Brim lish ships of war on their coat with- out even: the conjecture that they were tobeemployed against Denmark. The island of Zealand was surrounded. the capital threatened, and the Danish ter- ritory violated, before the Court of London had made use of a single word to express the hoét'ility of it‘s feelings." ,A.___L,-__AA “A new nonznn unions PROCEED To HOSTILITIES. “ A Warnlng Is Very Seldom Given â€" The -‘A _4I_Al_ - -..h. BEFORE COMMENCING HOSTILI- LIST OF THE OFFICERS. How is it that your friend. Miss Sere- ly. sheds no tears? he asked at the theater where the pathetic portions of the play caused even the hardened roundem to weep. Clerk (who had worked an hour show- ing Mrs. De Shopper goods without he- ing able to sell her anything) â€"- “'I wil' inquire, madam. ("ash ! Cash! Here a minute! Did any of you i‘oys find an empty purse anyWhem around here this morning! Mrs. De ShOpper (breathleSS'S') "‘ pid I leave my purse here? I’ve iust 1t somewhere. Mrs. Newlywedâ€"Do you belong (t any secret order. John? Mr. Newlywed-Can you keep a sec- ret? Mrs. Newlywedâ€""Yes. Mr. Newlywedâ€"Then I do. In forlyfnur of them the. object “as to gain lime. by suddenness of attack; in twelve, the desire was to postpone. as. long as possible, the actual admis- sion of a state of hostility. or to throw on the other Puwer the responéihilily; in nine. cases sudden attack was made to anticipate designs of another Pows er, respecting which secret information had been received; sixteen were raids. reprisals. pressure, and other things not wholly war; four were violations of neutral frontiers during the. pro- gress of war; and in five the nation slipped into war by giving help to an- other State. \PRIBERVING HER COMPLEXION. It maybetaken ac. almost a certaintx therefore, that the (ammencement of the next mar “ill be extraordinarily sudden and unexpected. It may be preceded by signs. but they will be most difficult to diagnose. And. in this connection, the for the commencement, without declar- ation, of 107 wars which he has in- vestigated, are. most interesting. Every one remembers how the Greeks began war a couple of years ago, and how they have NOT YET DECLARED IT. The Franco-German war figures among the few completely declared wars. but its outset was so unexpected in England, at all events, that it ought to stand as a perpetual warning to the composers of the Queen's Speech never to congratulate the country on the prospects of peace. Lord Granville said, illl the House of Lords. on July 11. 1870. "I had the honor of receiving the seals of the Foreign Office last, Wednesâ€" day. On the previous day the experi- enced Under-Secretary told me he had never. during his long eXperience, known so great a lull in foreign af- fairs. At six o’clock that evening I received a telegr ram informing me of the choice of Spain of Prince Leopold." l‘his was little short of a declaration of \\ ar by Prussia. Anyhow, on July 19. France threw down the glove. Om the Continent the same kind of rule has been: followed. In 1859, for instance. France declared war against Austria by saying she took Austria's entry into Sardinian territory as an act of hostility , but the Fremh tr00ps were set in motion ten days before the Austrians committed this act. In 1866, again, we have Prince F1ederick Charles saying to his Prussian troops: ”Austria witfhout declaring war, has violated the Silesian frontier. Imight likewise. without declaratiom have crossed into Bohemia. But I have not done so. To-day, I have sent a public declaration. and to-day we en- ter the territory of the enemy." This was practically carrying out Baron Bru’nznmv’s advice: “The blow must be struck before it is announced." “The United States war with Mexico. likewise was not the subject of a formal declaration till May 13,211- though hostilities had been in progress simce March 4. 1846. REASONS GIVEN BY COLONEL MAURICE HE BELONGEI) TO ONE. LUST AND FOUND. AMBER FOR P! Plih‘. thuwlo discoveries of nmlwr recently been made in Hritish (‘0 bin. WhiCh it is claimed will M tq ”My the pipemakers of tho’ \‘I “1th unher for mother hundrw! .V‘ Dixonâ€"I don't believe it's :rw tho eu’th goes round. Himnd not? Dixonâ€"Because I never gm I am afraid [hilvv «lune it It H‘J'l Cttolino. replied the mid gentlvuu nervqusly. I told your Harlwri 2 11.1011an you "had a. dispositiun ,uu‘ hko your mother's. Th0 blushing bride-alert “as rvhm' ‘ng the ceremony ahout to lukv p'it' 0‘90”!“ you “ill give m» 1.1 papa? she an id. But Mr. “’allace. “uh Hw «Mm Perlority of the mn-vniinv mild. M to deem it a penguin} IIHTIN‘ tree or some. inanimate» .. q is supposed to act as :« sun goat {or the shortâ€"cumin.“ . live hudaaad. It is not unusual. mid Mrs for Women in tl3i~ country I‘ fiedto a stick. . That is a curious («mum "1 501116 Of the SOU‘D Sow 1' LIP. \\ allam. 0f mu'z‘ym: This was a. poser. for if .«11wm‘911 '33 5'68. It would imply he h.“ ,pw‘xlmlm} beam her, and if by n... tan me mn tinuad to do so. “'th the late Mr. Brulm :11 ‘ once engaged in adi~Lu~~iun “it! dwfltmfi' minister. the {mum 111‘ 0f! on. the latter ansxuninx i" Q‘ non he hid 8.8de him by It sllllpn’ or no. without any more. (-mumlu ciao. asserting that «wry «luvs‘ 00914100 replied to in that m tuner. That mvorend gentlemm n in. aquiet manner. balllll \1! laugh. will you allow mv In H question on those terms! Certainly. said Brudlaug‘h. Then may I ask. have ynl; A hey-Eng your wife 2 To the old man‘s zuh‘miâ€"muvutq nu- hOdy offered to take his no at Present- ly one man went and ’I‘HUJUL him back his purse, another ,I‘HSIHI'Bd the b90k 0‘ prayer. while sxi-l Mather 16! his horse toward him and ix-Tiwi hill to mount. They them uniiwdix mum: ed his blessing. and “alvhwl him Siuwl} ride ‘WQY- It was the Unuumh of gum over ovil. John Kant. “as only a faithful follower of Him truth was native. and um very life of His heart. . \Vith this he held forth the g’iwer- mg gold. He did not guvss mm m candor and humiiity “01'“ ha. mug those bad men the must .- ugh-11L .e2- son of tightmfiness lhv: hid ever heard. It («11311911 1he~ir hunts. and surprised them intu Sulnviruzxg m: shame, if not contritiun. Comfort and safety “era foruutten u the old man hurried lurk. Hem“ ing with excitement and fear, he mum: himself again .‘n the mid»: 01' 1114 row- ber bond. ’C “I have told you. what \\ as 1m true. he fluid, meekly. "Pardon um; i! MI" unintentional. ‘ “as“ U») terrified 10 to think." He was in this act of gixing thanks for his good fortune. u bun he remem- bered What he had said to the robber chief. He had told the man “hat me not true, and he must vm'rex-t the er- ror. . . GLAD T0 ESCA PE With his life, he hurried onward, Lu: Wan W0“ out Of fight of the robbers his hand tour'hed something hard in the hem of his robe. His heart gave; throb of joy. The hard suhstum-e “a.- his gold, sewn into the fining of hp dress for safety. in his fun and mu- fusion he had forgotten i1. Now he would not be uhtigm m hi8_W8y. “'3‘! it lpl‘ovidrmvi “Ham you given us an!” demand- ed tb robber Chiflf. ",Xli." replimi Yhe Old mu, and “’itb [UH a~-:~urunw h. was tllawed to go on .i.i~ May, Frightened and confused, hp Mm. ed from his horse and offered 0.1% up property to the gang. He gum ihem. purse filled with silvor wins. unclup ed a, gold chain from his nevk, Look the gold 1.06 from his cap. drew a ring from his finger, and took from m. pockot I. b00k 0f prayar. which “85‘ clasped with silver. Nut till 311m been given up, and his nurse had he,“ led uway, did Kant bag that his Life might be spared. U 'v-uu His way My through the; gloomy for cats of Poland. One evening. ““4 seeing a place in “filivh to Spend Uh night. he was suddolnly surrounded M armed men. some on lxoraelmk an; ”m on fOOt. Knives and (“guru's HR tered in the moonlight. and my“ mn know that he was at the: um“. 01 1. band of robbers. low Good 0” Join Kalil (in h... ' land of Kuhn... “I. was a dtngerous journey undertaking {or one, of John Kant, a m‘ofuwur and d( divinity of Cramw, was an 0' when he found an Ul’lmriunity visit his native country of Sit Gun 0! the most convin -‘ our known was preaz'hed by thlt ‘ittlfi W88 in {war and ‘femhz‘ The "sermon" was realiy more in d.“ than in word; but it s1rm’k home. John Kant, a professor and «More. divinity of Cramw, was an old m.. HE GAVE HER AW.“ POSER FOR BRAIHA 1 NH MARRYING A Sl'h'ix' of Rohhon‘ and w 5‘ use a l rea d.“ vet! “I v. of" wars "0U Why "I 1w W‘- JI “$0“ that the m the sun ”3' ”1 hour. Om whilst tow” the hpgiflllil [ind himsel! West The folio Directors. ‘ cit! Staten) Secretary. I '62.:â€" The Dired tstatkment wtions of 1 1897. togeth bililivas at ‘ the AudiLOI The Lulu Account. is mots! cub T9“! um um appm' as under Dividl'nds Total “a Ruserve t Two [1316 rate of Lea 5090 dm-lal inga‘. and I nerve Fund been a can of muritiet market. pri: be amp: ity upnn :- hooks in 7': in shown a Lies of 831 Balance . ‘Ppl‘flciatiq necuritiu‘ Subscribed figgrity t. Toronto. ’ SUMMA Profit (0 [‘0- 'I' | J! I) THE 1'90.