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and ' greatly frog] (1! hk .1 bk eyesight, 10“ and an a 'L'W- In Feb...,.‘._ .‘ ID BBUPPIIG B0] I nonico 3nd Initiation guaranteed. lbs. ‘pmmo :1 \- :u tTl'ZNTS sent itc‘t. Addrefl IUNN a CO VA-h- gm through 1-“ m the ITIFIO A55. J. MCKECHNL mime. N ”dent ale! We lave . e: Cures the nmon everyday . of humanity. prepared to do all i custom work. RFECT TEA 'sy on hand. RHAM’ INGLESAND anus! 1‘ m odcrn Stand; Family Med; 1.. v. 50! 3!!“th .mmummfi'm’ my furwfl ‘ ‘Vflhin‘t‘. I Mann 3 CO» REGAN. it“)?! _.|.’\. nklns “WM“. an! .3’ d collections nude H' ed 81‘ Muggeposits [Pce'iVOd :nd in- ‘u ”3'“ 3!. current rat“. mm 9‘ “YER. Solicitor. etc. Ofllce over 0. Lfimra a'ore. Lowpr Town. [ha-onto! money to loan at. 5 percent 1 B. LUCAS, .\I A I: K DA LE. V. H.\\'RIUHT, ow EN SOUN D. L'. A. 5.1.150). bl' HIIAM. ”INN “Pm; door east of the my, Calder's Block. mam-Elm 0001‘ W053 - 1BR. Solicit‘ 2-. etc. McIntyre: I lower 'l‘own. Collection and Imom attended 1 >. Searcher; ma do I‘M-cry Office. Minna lowest r QLBFROY McCAUL. d business and in prep“ 3 amount (1' money on rod I. Md mfirtgages paid ofl on toll. “eruma. Fix» and Lif hunt best StocL Comma“! “d!“- fin". Corr‘upondeuoe to J. P. TELFORD. DENTIST. BROWN, [99! 5 Durham, On : 3113661 I a n 801: s . at the Commercial Hotel. ms: \\ ednesday in each esidence a. short distance lister's Hotel, Lunbton Town. Office hour: irectm‘v . mute. H, “11,â€"" uh“! 3‘ .dinnor thnt issuer H -\ MNILLE, has Mzzuim, Licemod Hm ty of Grey : I; 9 20d Division mixers promptly stances furnilhed 82 Batsnn, he“; tranmtd rd Bank. Durham mueer for the rz-g‘tly attended “gunmen Axon Ln, Land Vt‘“ of the Dur- ETC Easy terms n! Marthge "'Y P lbli’: de- As soon as such roads dry upi showing signs of being fairly serviceable, it is the duty of each pathmaster to turn out, say in the month of June" and to the extent of his ability, with the sta- tute labor at his disposal, plow up. the sides of the Head in the most irregular manner possible and then with drag scrapers bring the earth towards the centre of the road and there dump it so that each scraper full will stand out separately and alone. making the road surface as rough and impassable as possible. Wherever such earth is brought from the side of the grade, it appears to be unwritten law that it shall be done by gouging with the scraper so as to leave depressions and pockets, which will hold water. Where a road has been gravelled, but in the spring becomes rutted. with an occa- sional depression. offering an excuse :-_ __ O ‘c "â€"â€" vâ€"vâ€"VV for repairs, it appears to be that policy of our road-makers to fill up the ruts with the coarsest gravel obtainable. Wherever there is aslight depression they dump a load of gravel large en- ough to form a mound. Should these repairs force the traffic to the sides of the road, the work is conmdered com- plete, except that it may be thought stumps, etc., crosswise on the sides of the roadway. obliging the travel to £01- 103v the centre or take another road. It is absolutely essential to the main- tenance of a good and economical sys- tem of roads that provision be made by the township for their repair as soon as signs of wear appear. However ex- travagant it may appear at first sight, to recommend that a man be constantâ€" ly employed to go over such a mileage of roads as he can attend to, devoting his whole time to the work, there can be no doubt that it would in the end he the most economical plan. It is the same system pursued by railways in the care of their roadbed, and railway corporations are noted tor their econ- omical methods. A man constantly employed in this way could fill up ruts and wheel tracks as soon as they appear, before water has been permitted to stand in them to assist in deepening them. A decay- ed plank would be removed from the culvert or bridge before an accident was caused thereby; and before the weakening of the bridge at this point had caused other portions to be de- stroyed. An obstructed drain would be opened before injury resulted to the roadway. Loose stones would he reâ€" moved from the road where they are rolling under the wheels antl the ieet of horses. Loose gravel and stone would be kept raked into place until it had become consolidated. By these and many other simple means the roads would be at all times kept in a more serviceable condition; and of greater importance. repairs would ’be made in Rigidâ€"sen .the road from injury which could not be remedied; and in time to save much labor and expense in making possible repairs. Some municipalities have adapted the plan of employing a foreman and a couple of laborers to devote their whole time to the roads of a district or town- ship, and in such cases, a grader and other road machinery is employed. Whatever the details of the system: the principle should be the same throughâ€" out. that. wear must be repaired as soon as signs of reappear. Ii economy The largest stones in the bottom and the smailest at the surface. free from sand and clay; and thoroughly rolled. ; , . poasess. To depend upon manual or fOr the first grading of roads. and the repalr of others that require re- ' waste of labor and would be to return to the old time cradle and flail. If every ratepayer took the same personal intere roads that he does in his farm, no muni- cioalitiea would be without modern ma- '-â€"v- _ money. Improved roar as great a saving in re the self hinder or the in farming operatiqns. steam roller of 909“ U! U‘ on V5 Viaâ€"v --_ o O 0 800 u and some municwahtnoa may 0 tion of to pdrchue. In the construc ooae atone con- adi}y than aye fqr the majority of rural mum- qualxtnes, but in some instances town- t from a. town in tha A horse r911- rough. (Continued from Page 5.) A GOOD ROAD COVE RING.â€"Cross-section. ate for a. township to and upon manual labâ€" grading of roads. and fit A rotary screen attached to the crusher will separate the stone into grades according to size. ready to be placed on the road in layers, the coars- er in the bottom of the road. WAGON TIRES. to roads in Canada are contrary to good ° Gravel or broken stone is dumped loosely without even spread- ing, on a badly graded, badly drained Bub-soil. In the use of these roads the same recklessness is glaringly appar- ent..When wide tires have universally replaced the narrow tires which are now found on farm wagons, a great part of the road question will be; solv- n4) ‘7‘ â€"~ ‘ ed. Narrow tires of two and one-half inches in width have only one half of the bearing on the road which would be provided by tires of proper width. By referring to the supporting power of soils discussed in the paragraph on "Foundations,” the effect of this .is inch tire, the roadway will support, without yielding, twice the load which it could support with a three inch tire. Narrow tires cannot be too strongly condemned. They cut and grind the road, plow and upheave it. Wide tires on the contrary, are a benefit rather than an injury to the road inasmuch as they act as rollers to pre- serve a smooth hard surface. In some localities wide tires are objected to un« der the argument that they increase the draft required to move the load. This may occur under certain occas- ional conditions of very wet and soft roads. But. when wide'tilres are uni- versally used this objection will dis- appear, as the increased draft is due to the ruts and mud caused by narrow tires. For the axvecrage country road, a graded roadway twenty-four feet in width between the inside edges of the open drains, will be ample to accommo- date travel. For the average road, if the central eight feet is metalled with gravel or broken stone. it will be suf- ficient. The depth and width of the open drains will have to be governed by circumstances. Suffieient capacity must be provided to carry away all surface water. The depth must be dependent also on the fall obtainable. \Vith tile underdrains, deep open ditches are not needed to drain the road foundation; The use of tile does away with the deep and dangerous open ditches which may otherwise be necessary. The crown of the road should be such as to give 3' {511' I): oneâ€"“inch to the foot £30m centre to the edge of the ditch. ' H'ILLS. Hills are among the difficult portions of the road to construct, and are a constant source of eXpense for repairs. The reason of this usually is, that the drainage is imperfect. . Water is brought long distances in open drains by the roadside. and poulred over the hills, frequently to flood over the whole surface. It is not uncommon to find the centre of the road over the hill lower than the open drains at its side-â€" if there are drains at all. The natural result is that washouts are constantly occurring. For conditions of this kind the simple remedy is to dispose of the water before it reaches the bill, by con- veying it through the adjoining fields if necessary. The probability is that the greater amount of water has been a1 watercourses. The secret of success- ful drainage with respect to roads,.is to diSpose of water in small quantities before it can gain force and headway. Another common occurrence is to find from the surface of the road on hills. This is especially no- the rost leaves these way betwee 1 rr in» . . e ca y gross drains should be laid in ruts. DIMENSIONS OF ROADS. very expen. A different story comes from Gros- seto. in the swampy lands near the sea. on the railroad between Rome and Leghor, Grosseto lately had water- works and an aqueduct constructed, but differences arose between the town authorities and the contractors as to the quality of the work, and a com- mission was appointed to settle the difficulty, with Signor Romanin, Depu- ty in Parliament, as Chairman. Signor Romanin, with the other commission- ers, and some laborers. the party con- sisting of thirteen persons, set out one fine morning to inspect the aqueduct. They had entered a path six feet wide, running between the aqueduct and the River Ombrone, when they noticed a young man with a doubleâ€"barrelled gun some distance ahead. When they got near him he brought the gun up to his shoulder and quietly asked them ,to get together 1,000 lire at once or ‘he would fire. The commission nearly tumbled over backward, but as no one showed any inclination to fight and the path was too narrow for tight, di- plomacy was brought into play and an offer of 100 lire was made. The bri- gand, however, treated the offer with scorn. “You are very fine gentle, men," said he to Romanin, “one of the deputies who steal millions. Fork out, what you have about you, other- wise I won’t give you time to say a ‘Hail Mary.’ " The deputies hastily I poured out. the contents of 1118 pocke '- | book on the path, and was allowed to go to the rear. One commissioner after another was then called out to do the same, but the laborers were Spared. The party then withdrew a. few hundred yards back, and, turning around, saw the robber shake out: their pocketbooks and take. the money. “Not even 1,000 lire (8200) in the whole pack, TWO ROMAN BRIGAND TALES. We beg to inform our customers and the public generally that we have adopted the Cash System, which means Cash or its Equiv alent, and that our motto will be “Large Sales and Small Profits.” We take this Opportunity of that the new system will merit a continuance of the same Adopted by “IRY THURSDAY IONIIO “mama! Pill?!“ DIM. W m DURHAM, ONT. THE WEB!!!“ flflfilllflLE WIN”! Tu: CHRONICLE will be sent to any address, free of postage, for “.00 per RATES . . . 0 year, payable an advance-“.50 may be chgrged if not. so_ pmd. The date to which every subscription is paid rs denoted by the number on the ladde ‘abel. No taper _dif~c minued until film are paid, exam at t e opuon of the proprietor. MIISIW For transient advertisements 8 centspcr line for the fint insertion; 3 cents per ““3 . . . line each subsequent insertion- mimcn measure. Professional cards, nut exceeding one inch. $4.00 per mnum. Advertisements without specifc directions will be published till forbid and charged ac- cordin 1y Transient noticesâ€"" Lost," “ Found.’ " For le.”etc.«so cents {or first insertion, 25 cents for each subsequent insertion. A1! advertisements ordered by strangers must be paid bf in advance. ‘ ' - ' I 'i,i .PFIM l\l a. .v on. -----. a All advertise eacnts', to ensure insertion in cunem week, should be brought in xot later than IUESDAV morning. III I" w vuuyso Contract rates for yearly advertisements furnished on npp‘ication to tbg office. . O O . .. .. -_-_--_- ---‘-..An nos AIIDD‘I. THE JOB : : Is completely stocked with DEPARTHENT all new TYPE, thus a. The Chronicle Contains . . Each week an epitome of th world’s news, articles on the household and farm, and serials by the most popular authors. Its Local News Is Complete‘ and market reports accurate. barely 730. I am ashamed to have had anything to do with you !” he shouted at them, turned his back on them. and soon disappeared in the swamp thick- ets. The commission then went back. picked up its emptied pocketbooks, and returned to Grosseto, refusing to con- tinue the inspection of any more of that aqueduct. DEAF AND DUMB CORPS. A deaf and dumb corps of the . Sal- vation Army has been organized in Stockholm. Sweden. The members meet four times a week, and it is quite interesting to “stab the movements of the fingers when (an interesting theme is being discussed. GIRLS IN ‘GERMANY. In Germany and Holland girls are chosen in preference to young men in all occupatiops whe‘re l_hey can be hdvantaéeou-sly employed. {ordinz facilities for turning out First-clan Enn'on A.\'D Pnormxn'mu. £3 PUBLISHED