The following text may have been generated by Optical Character Recognition, with varying degrees of accuracy. Reader beware!

for ur Stock. users with certlfio rnment inapecgor, k in large quan. Fake over 700 ”’9" at the closest 90"” ,RTED M Y CHOP- 'y and commission. whole or part time .If you want 8M3. 'zte us. pplies free. st Nurseries in the have Ptfled 'ith m nthing to learn '5“ l. H you mean basalt” Die employment. was. .c w" Err-guest .load to th: 3an Wm \\'h~rm'er t1mhers haV ' > 0% t‘xmsed. decay soon 1- 03‘ 31M w? * m» n least expected, \ «*r is; used in bridges u 'h,“ “89d . ,5? ‘ es In in members from (0‘3; thickness. the stregg - "#3111 or chard being Obtained All and bearings cum; ' Caps, con-b108, 01' - “‘1 “our beams should be M '3? So that the thickness 0‘ M ,be more than six inch”. bridge should be minted on. Merfliou; iron brick. nt “no ’ “d 08-10 dim-1d b. m ‘ I are kept mint“ and 'ing to better their po- se their income should emand for hume grown mu the increase. “0 If you want study. CIT E D. MCGOWAN, ople's Mill. Durham. omething ’ew nd New Steel. I am now prepared quick despatch and 9!. Terms. lgems ! lament Agents! Wellington; GSTON. RON '1‘On IJ "' I CULVERTS. . I, no branch of municipal work iS' ”mm money wasted as In the (gong We“ and maintenance of slurcesi Id culverts. In most townships these ‘ ,9 built of timber. Timber 1s perrah- 1 ble. culverts are subjected to repeated [axes of wet and dry weather, the pretest test to which timber could be |bjected. Each year a large number lthese culverts are renewed at a coat “mm 95 to 850 each. in some town- h'ps aggregating from 8500 to 81,590, Idthis is an anunal outlay. The life [these structures is so short that it mt more than five years before re- pirs are required and these repairs in min time amount almost to renew- qutbe most expensive kind. A brok- nplanlt. or stringer. a rotten log or tim‘ner replaced with new at differ- .periods makes the maintenance ., costly. and this class of structure must temporary and expensilve. No time they all been rebuilt than must again commence the recon- tion of the first. in this way the nditure becomes perpetual, and a large percentage of our annual If these culverts are in their ‘ rlocations. natural watercourses, other fixed places. they will always Minted and their construction in “durable manner is the best- Weconomical plan. Rim“ culverts there is very lit- . Mm?“ in the cost of timber and {nflf’fiplpe- It properly laid the lat- ; miltltlistantl the frost and is dur- rodnce a better read. IA w deviation would frequently avoid pm?! or wet grmmd. or would do I“ with the necessity of expensive u'wd fills. .A bill can sometimes ”Med 0!: Que grade very much altering the location of the .4, There is a prejudice against tak- from the lines laid down a change in the road allow- be change from a bad to change from a steep D8 gentle grade. the Slight inconveni’ recreated by the alteration of boun- lines will he many times repaid. "1895. (inept. “more timber ul 1n the immediate local Noni f“ rom ’30- These pipés may be used up to dicks in diamntwr; and the capacity 3? 79 increased by laying two or R mm but. 1h» pipes should haVO 4988 one foot nf earth or other fill- Htween trhem Culverts of 5 at 10 '1 SIM .should he cement concrete 34!; which is pwrmum‘nt if the 000‘ “8‘15 properly made. 'Dbe concrete hula he composed nf first class 0031' :5019811. Sharp. silicious sand, tree m earthy partivlvs and coarse 011‘ Ih In pass through a twenty mesh. Y“: “Ivan gmvwl sx‘reened through an 11 mi :1 half st'rw'n the largest ”.38 I” 5" nut mutt" than tWO and Pnalf infhes in «ii-unmet; 01' in place Q’DY'A‘ l_ l ' ' lo and 8? most servxcgab 'Cal. “modem foundatnons from h! and 0Lh9 . d the 1' muses settle an . ‘9‘ SF“Willem in the foundation ms the timh91' c ausing a disarnnglo; I“stem-in Lb» greatest load to v0 Mm DOint. whel'evel' timbers hi I “1‘ When least expected, Does under a heavy load. . intent timber is used in bug“ led he HSEd in members from 0:; dist“! in thickness, the strum A. W. Campbell, C. [3,, Road Commissioner of Ontario, 0F ROADS. share of the load. The cost of renewing a wooden bridge in which a man has to be sent to put in a new timber from time to time, ; will amount to twice the initial cost of 'the bridge. In this way the ultimate : cost of a timber structure becomes very great. l The course pursued by some, indeed 1 most municipalities in erecting iron bridges is likely, however, to result dis- 7asterously, and throw iron and steel iinto disrepute. A council advertises ! for tenders. The companies responding gsupply their own plans and specifica- Ftions. Thus far the pnocedure is en- ftirrely satisfactory. 'Dhe difficulty larises when councils accept the lowest ‘ tender without obtaining the advice of , ._â€"_a vâ€" v vv vâ€" an experienced builder of iron bridges as. to the plans and specifications sub- mitted. This is a matter in which few township engineers and surveyors are‘ qualified to decide, and certainly the WlSdom of councillors, entirely with- out professional training in such mat- ters, Is not to be trusted. Cases have occurred in which a difference of five dollars have influenced a council to ac- cepth tender for a bridge which wasl manifestly, to a man of experience,‘ worth less than the other by several hundred dollars; and which was indeed l unsafe offering every likelihood of fail- l uvre with attendant loss of life andi great expense for reconstruction. It, is difficult to understand the action of some councillors shrewd in other mat- ters, in the construction of bridges and 9 other public wor’ks proceeding with; such apparent disregard for the true1 interests of those whom they represent. 7 A small sum Spent in securing reliable ; advice is as much a matter of economy in public as in private affairs. , RECENT ROAD LEGISLATION. ‘ The State of Massachusetts is one of those which has taken advanced steps in road improvement. On petition of a county. the state road commission may, with the ass 'nt of the Legislature, adOpt any road within the county as a state highway. Except that the grad- ing and bridging is done by the county, ‘the work thereafter, both construction and maintenance, is under the author- construction is paid by the county the remaining tihu‘ee-fourbhs being paid by the state. In 1894 the state spent $300,- 000. in this way; in 1895 $400,000; and in 1896 $60Q,000. It is intended that ul- timately about one-tenth of the entire mad mileage will be built as state high- ways. I‘Engm-eer. If he approves of the sea- txon of road thusougiht to be improv- ed, .118 prepares plans, sepcifications and estgmates. These are presented to the legnslature and, if appmNed by t-‘hat body, _50 Qer cent. of the cost of con- 01 wawJIUG UL WV -..__- . . 3 road, the state Commlssmner 0! Public Roads will cause the. be imprqued in accordance mtg) plans missioners. \men a favor of constructing a ma. provisions of ' SDeCifications are prepared and su- ted to the state commissioners. f ”.16 waged“: vooiâ€"Imiasiooor “bong: v22;- tain road. an examina k :1 him- It he considers the gnaw. all nuts fire ‘kept tightened .--L u- v-v‘ member ma y ca;ry its fair . ' ° ive better service ‘3” “ate legislature approves the work ' . Do not cover an old gravel with ' vmrfiuméodbyoontraeh .imdmdearthtromthesides of “'9 u°°nt~riburte to a less degree. Only the Adopt every means to secure a herd. {bare outlines of the systems have been smooth, waterproof surface. ls ted, W151! the object of showing the Do not let stones roll loosely on the .Drommence the question of road im- road. fprovement has attained of recent years, Do not let rmts remain. They make fidopted Within the past five years. In travelling difficult, and spoil the road fidopted within the past five years. In by h‘Olding water. 'all those systems, safeguards are placed Make repairs as soon as the defect ~ appears. Use wide tires. Improve the drainage of the hills. ' h' her talents. In most of these states the Make the crovxn of the roadway lg . . t“ . tar 18 so levied that the towns and “2.1333301331155332: of m. road if. a _L-_ _ “-w lcmes pay the greatea' portion of the cost of state road construction; for e;- ample, in the State at New York it 18 estmated that the people outside of the ,towns and cities will pay only 10 per cent of Uhe cost. Roads that “break up" are bad roads. Make road improvements in such a. way thet they will be permanent. ‘IYL J V-vJ vv gen ”V W'- “WHUUVO Whether by statute labor or other means undertake roadwork systema- tlcally. APPOint a. supervisor who will have charge of all the roadwork. Make road beabs five miles in length. choose the best men as pathmasters. en’gl. keep them in office . 'â€"v_ - vâ€"â€"-v Classify the roads according to the nature and extent of traffic over them. Smclfy the width of grade, amount of crown, plan of drainage. kind. Width and depth of material to be used. and seet that these specifications are carried on . Purchase gravel by the pit not by the load. Use clean road material. Strip the clay and. earth from over the gravel pit, before the time of per- forming statute labor. If scfeeni _ _ or crushing is peces- sary, let thisngbe done before the tlme of statute labor. Roads, culverts and bridges will al- ways he required, and their construe.- tion in the most durable manner, suit- able to requirements, is most econ- Omic-al. .Do not. scatter money in making tri- mflg repairs on temporary strucfiyreg. If statute labor is to be made suc- cessful the work must lie systematical- ly planned and some definite end kept in View. Have the work properly laid out be- fore the day appointed to commence work. Only call out a sufficient numâ€" ber of men and teams to properly carry out the work in hand and notify them of the implements each will be requir- ed to bring. Let no pathmaster return a rate-pay- ers’ statute labor as performed, unless it has been done to his satisfaction. V V‘trv-Auv-u vâ€"v __ The pathmaster should inspect the roads under his charge after every heavy rain-storm. A few minutes’ work in freeing drains from obstruc- tions, filling holes, diverting a. current of water may save several days’ work if neglected. ‘ ‘. 'â€" -L“-c -J -ch-'wâ€""_ t is imfiossible to do satisfactory work on clay roads which are very wet. or which have become baked and hard- ened by heat qu drought. :Ihe opera- ‘ J L.â€". vuV\A tor of the grading machine should have instructions to commence work on clay roads as soon as the ground has be- come sufficiently settled in springâ€" and not to leave this work until the time of statute labor, usually in June. COMPOSITION OF THE AVERAGE ROADâ€"Cross-section. stone In justice to others make the statute- IN BRIEF. Two Years l‘orrlng a Tranlgar and “I‘ll:- Months (‘airhlng Bonaparte. Lord Nelson was the greatest and most successful admiral the world pro- duced, down to the days of steam pow- er, yet on more than one occasion he let his enemy slip past and lead him a. smooth. waterproof 'euvitaoe: V w Do not let stones roll loosely on the rOOd. Do not let rut: remain. Thu 111330 g“;°lli93 difficult, and Spoil the Md Improve the drainage of the hills Make the crown of the roadway higher than on level ground. Change the location of the road it a steep hill can be avoided. » Do not use wood for culverts. Use concrete, vitrified pipe or stone. Do not build wooden bridges. Use iron, stone or concrete. Bonaparte’s expedition for the con- quest of Egypt and the Orient had been organizing for many months at Toulon. On May 9, 1798, Nelson sailed with a flying squadron from Gibraltar to scout off the French port and ascertain the mission of the French fleet. But the enemy eluded hi-m completely” left Toul- on with Bonaparte's army and disap- peared at sea with Nelson none the wis- er for having appeared in the Gulf of Lyons. heart-tending chase for months before a blow could be struck. Reinforced by ten ships of the line Nelson started in pursuit. But he kept missing the French fleet. He called at Alexandria in Egypt, but no French ship was there. Then he chased off to Syracuse, but still no enemy. Finally after about three months of vain pur- suit he appeared on August 1 off Alex- andria again, and there he beheld the object of his search anchored in Abou- kir Bay. The army of Bonaparte had been safely landed. The complete deâ€" struction of the French fleet followed, however, and the ultimate ruin of the 1 Egyptian campaign was assured. ‘ "he campaign of Trafalgar, perhaps the most memorable in naval history, was infinitely more trying to the pa- tience of both Nelson and the English people than any before it. The British admiral blockaded Toulon. where the French fleet was fitting for sea, a full year and a half, and in all that time not once did he touch foot on the land. And how were his perseverance and Lluu “v â€" - __ vigilance rewarded? On January 18, 1805 the enemy broke away and swept off to sea. It effected a junction with the Spanish fleet at Cadiz, which Nel- son had determined to prevent. Then the allied force sailed to the \Vest In- dies with Nelson in pursuit. The chase continued back to EurOpe again, with- out success, and Nelson thereupon left his ship and returned temporarily to England. It was not until October 5, 1805, over eight months after the French force had escaped from Toulon harbor that Nelson finally met it and the Spanish allies in battle off Cape Trafalgar. Build good roads. HOW NELSON HUNTED FLEETS. TOADS AS INSECT DESTROYERS. Paris gardeners buy toads for use as insect destroyers. I 'V“I‘v â€"â€"-_~_ have been a great boon to my daughter Maggie. Prior to taking them she had been suffering from excessive nervous- ness for a long time, and her nerves were in a terribly shattered condition. The action of her heart was so weak that it did not have strength to perform its functions, causing violent palpitation and smothering after retiring. Frequent- ished and lost. vitality, and she had no appetite. She was wasting away and was very hypochondriacal, feeling de- jected all the time. Last December she I“... lgltind Dr- Ward's Blood and JCULCU “I began taltin'ng'r. “’ard’s Blood and Nerve Pills, and she improved at once. Her blood became healthy .and strong, tions. She now sleeps without any of the dangerous, distressing, smothering and choking spells; hera petite is good, and she has gained in esh. Healthy color has replaced pallor, and she is now well and strong, thanks to Dr. Ward's Blood and Nerve Pills. I thank you. gen- tlemen, for the remedy that has restored my daughter to health. A. GUNN, Ba gagemaster, Grand Trunk Railway, wa, Ont. Dr. Ward's Blood and Nerve Pills are sold at soc. per head mai hm {Of ‘31“. It‘dfll .- 42' urann YOU BflN IF YUUWISH. Dr. Ward's quod and Nerve Pills 7â€"-LL-__ ’ RESTORE THE SNAP, I, ENERGY AND STRENGTH YOU HAVE LOST. The End. I'd-“5;; Thrashers \ and Millmen Disordered Kidneys. ”I" o If ;ou have Coated Tonguo and Nuty Tutu in the Mouth. If you have Ding Srellz, Hoadachu. oo Bad Dmms,â€" Dull, Drowsy, Weak and Nervom. Then you havo Kidney Comploint. The sooner you tart akin; lion's money Imp thoâ€"more quick]? iwill your health "turn. They've cured thou- sand: of cases of kid- ney trouble during the past year. If you are a sufferer they cu: cage y‘ou.‘ ' 3061: that tells all about Doan’s Kidney Pills sent free to any address. The boan mane; 00., Toronto, 1 Should always carry with them a bottle of Dr. Fowler’s Extract of Wild Strawberry. The change of food and water to which those who travel are subject, often pro- duces an attack of Diarrhoea, which is as unpleasant and discomforting as it may be dangerous. A bottle of Dr. Fowler’s Extract 0! Wild Strawberr in your grip is a guarantee of safety. n the first in- dication of Cramps, Colic, Diarrhoea or Dysentery, a few doses will romptly check further advance of these iseases. Dealers in Wat/thee, Clocks, Jewelry and Spectacles, Silver and Flat Ware of all descriptions. Repairing a pecialty. Upper Town, Durham. The Chronicle is the mm wide iy re: 1 newspaper published [I the County of Grey. ' County of Grey. including a valuable W Power. Brick dwelling. and many olcgibie building lots. will be sold in one or more Iota. Also 10!. No. 60. Con. 2, W. G. 12.. Township of Bentlnck. 100 acres, adjoining Town plot, Durham. Mattgagea taken for part. purchase money Apply to J AMES EDGE, Oct. 2nd. 117ng Hill PA. Protect gout Idea: thev may bflhg y'ou' gala; Wme‘g I}: 7502,3193!!qu ogl'gtent Am- no u n. . ‘.. or their rise on. #35 o! tgr‘o W Inventions Inntgd. It is an old, reli. able remedy, with over forty years’ of cures to its credit, whose merit is re- cognized everywhere and one that the doc- 0 0d shingles. a'r rm: Baton manna -- WE MAKE -- Furnace Kettles, Power Staw Cut- ters, Hot Air Furnaces, Shingle M arhinery, Band Saws, Emery Machines, hand or power 3 Creating Farmers’ Kettles, Columns, Church Seat Ends, Bed Fasteners, Fencing, Wantedâ€"An Idea tors recommend in preference to all others. Pump-Makers’ Supplies; Séhoal Desks. Fanning _M_ill___Ca§ti.ngs, Lig ht. Castings and Builders’ Sup. plies, Sole Plates and Points fox 1; 6 different ploughs m use. Wishing repairs for Flour and Saw Mi! ls. Steam Engines, Horse Powers, Separators, Mowers, Reapers. f1 .Circular' and Crosso-Cut Saws Gummed, Filed and Set. I am prepared to fill orders for Sold by medicine dealers everywhere at 350. a bottle. Always insist on the ennine, as many of the imitations are ighly dangerous. Neighborâ€"I hear your husband ha DURHAM FOUNDRYMAN IN HIE TOWN M‘ MIMI“, Travellers A. GORDON EDGE PROPERTY CHARTER SMITH, "WE REPAIR -- FOR SALE A SELFIBH MAN. {or ot‘ic-hie‘sifi'ii thing to my: “Ibo mum