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W89 ever think 1, who. he ’r, m .th I In" ransom momma snug-Inn m mu. mu m DURHAM, ONT. Ta: Cuemucu um be eent to an) address. free of postage, for “.00 per m e e o e yw,puyable in advanceb’l.5o may b Md u not. :9 pan}. The date to which every nah-aiplim i find :5 dcnctsd by the number on the .6de hiz-L 0 paper «A. ‘c nunuezl until an arrears m mid.” at the Uptxun of the propnelor. $1,334.“: a: ti m1|8ln Fortramiem advertisements 8 cemspcr '; DI'OdUCtS. They s‘y to we manurao- line for the tint insertion; 3 cents per . . . “IE8 e . 0 line each subsequent inscnimwmimon ! "are" . i If you 030 80" your KOOdB mason. masammanzcm accent); one ins}; : as cheaply as the foreign manufacr I an . ~ . I. wt 5" e ’ ’4000 pe nnm \cnl cmcnts wt 1 .KCl 1 tater, Why do you W‘Dt DTOBOCtlon ?" directions will be pUb‘isith till fnl'llld and charged ac- , To many unthinking people that mrdingly Transient I’lutE(_e~‘-“l.05t." “ l‘hund,’ ‘ “ For SaTe,“ ago-so cents for first insertion, 25 cents ! for fiwaéawem"harms-b be _d [seems an unanswerable argument. A vertisements or en- ystran'rers must pan . . . ”magnum . ‘ . But, in fact. it 18 a very poor argu. Contract rataforyc-arly advertisements furnished on 3 ment, and shows complete ignorance pficmion to the office. . . ‘ . DP"! All advertise ne m. toemure insertion in current ' Of ‘he beat known laws 0‘ production. week2 should be brought in not later than TUKJUA: They entirely overlook tbe‘fact that "Mm; â€" ~â€"~â€"râ€"â€"-â€"-â€". '; When manufacturing is carried on ”If '3.- - "\ . ', upon a large scale goods can be turn- THE J08 : ; Ted out. more cheaply than when it is nannTnc‘n. is completely stocked with . done on ‘ small scale. THB JOB : ° , ' I: completely stocked with DEPARTHENT all NEW TYPE, thus af- Drs. Jamieson Macdonald. FFXCE AND RESIDENCE A slmrt distance east of Knapp's Hotel, Lammnu Street, Lower Town. Durham. Office hours from 12 to 2 o’clock. 0 *‘f - Harsh-axe and George Streetsâ€"at foot of hill. 'Ofiir-e honrs‘AQ-Il a. m.. 2.4 p. In. 7-9 p. m Telephone No.10. â€"v‘vâ€"__, l' tice in the New Hunter Block. Oflice hours, 8 to 10 n. m., 2 to 4 p. In. and 7 m9 p. In. Specie! attention given to diseases of women and children. Residence op posite Presbyterian Church. HYSICIAN AND SURGEON, OF- tice in the New [luntpr Block. ‘ 9)ch ‘y. Eh.evâ€"Du;hwam Pharmacy. Calder’s Block. Residenceâ€"Lambton Street. near the Station. “V M University: Graduate of Royal College of Dental Smgeons of Ontario. Roomsâ€"Calder Block. over Post Office. 3:078, IA of mum» property D leutyre’s Block. Lowe ham. Cullo-ctiun and Age" attended to. Searches madn trv Office. fouling facilities to: turning out First-clan Gfliceszâ€"le; the Standard Bank. J. G. Hutton, M. D., LV or. Chriveyancenetc. Private mane? Old accounts and debts of 3! kinds collected on commisaiou. Furms bought and sold. Insurance) Agent, etc. Oflice-iMaqu-nz‘i‘e'f Old Stand. Lower bought and solo. J Ofiiceâ€"MacKenzie‘s Town. Dutham. Ont. FFICE AND RESIDENCEâ€"10R n Land Valuatoi‘ and Licensed Auction- eer fur the County 0: Grey. Sales promptly attended to and notes cashed. Fl’ICEâ€"FIRS'I‘ DOOR EA§TOF A.“ “U V‘--'VV-v , eased Auctioneer for the County of Grey. Laud Veluator. Bailifl' of the 2nd Divnsion. Court Sales and ell other matters romptly attended to. Hlahwt'refereence Furnished if required. UD [1“ U“ “a. u. â€"_ -_, J tioneer for the Countyd of Grey. Sales promptly attended to. Or do" maybe boleft inn ’ at his Implement W on a old stand. or at the Chronic 60 Ofiice. ARRISTER, SOLICl'l‘OR_. ETC AR G. MACKAY. K Dr. T. B. Holt, L. D. S. Emma AND Puommmu. ARRIS’I‘ERS. SOLI_(;I'1‘ORS,CON- Utfice over Gordon’s new Jewellery :, Lower Town, Durham. Anyammmt amw tn loan at 5 per cent. on tarm hov. 9. OBERT Mcdiml Direrlorv. UGH MACKAY. DURHAM. ‘ ' o ‘1 .--n‘:nn4 Arthur Gun, M. D. veyancers, Em RISTER, SOLICITO_R, E30, Dental Diredorv. MacKay Dunn. “I IR‘YIN . Lefroy McCaul. u wanna» A. H. Jackson. ,Y PI'BLIC. COMMISSION- l. P. Telford. l Dircdon (:5 L1 Miscellamous. ,rsigned havin been restored to health a mans. after an ering for several years 2 vere lung aflection, and that dread ‘ ”caption, is anxious to make known ow sufferers the means of cure. To desire it. he will cheerfully eend, free a copy of the prescription need. which find a ante cure for Co LWD. ate-chm: and all throatand.‘ idles. Ho .ho all enflerere will u, . um. inv nable. fl‘hpee design. nrs. Et'c. Money to. Loan. the McIntyre Block, over BRIGHAM . LICENSE Bl E; vtfie County of Grey. nttended to. Call 15} In] Q'k. anar 'I‘oWn, Dur- ud Agency promptly has mada at the Regis- new Jewellery W. F. DUNN. M , LIC- E Free trsders snd sdvocstes of a: Itsrifl- for revenue-only seem to agree :in thinking that the only object of u A protective tsrifi is to enable msnufsc 'turere to incresse their prices. snd that if they fail in doing this it is of‘ no use whstever to them. They cen- not see how the importation of for sign goods. free of duty. or at 3 low rate of duty. can injure our home ‘. manufacturers, unless such imports- 'tion forces down the price of home products. They say to the manufac- turer: " If you can sell your goods as cheaply as the foreign manufac- turer. why do you went prooection ?” t The managing director of one of , the Nova Scotia coal companies said la few years ago that the machinery in the mines under his control coat several million dollars, and he point- ed out that in order to be a paying investment the mine must yield 1n- ’ t tereSt on the money invested in this , machinery, as well as repay the amount expended in wages. Conse- quently the larger the number of men employed and the greater the output - of the mine the cheaper they could 'afiord to sell the coal. It is easy to} ‘ . see that if foreign coal came into this? :tcountry and took the place of the: ’Canadian coal to such an extent as to reduce the output of the mines one half it would greatly injure the own- ers of the mines and the workmen [employed by them. even if the price ; of coal per ton remained precisely the 4'93""! as before. On the other hand, if by reducing the imports of foreign ‘CU‘li the output of the mines could be 'ththl. the price to the consumers might be decreased and the wages of the miners increased without any loss m [ha min». owners. The same thing is: true in every line of production. The larger the number of articles of vhe same kind turned out of one establishment. tha cheaper each of lhvm can he sold. It stands to reason, then, that if.' owing to insuflicient protection, for- eign manufacturers bring their goods into this country and share the limit- led market with our home manufac- turers to such an extent that the‘ lat'et' have to run at half their capac- ity it will not only injure the Cana- ‘tlitin workmen who will be thrown {out of employment. but the profits of the manufarturers will be cut down . without any decrease in the price to [the consumers. But, if by increasing ithe protective tariff we can enable the home manufacturers to double ltheir present output they can aflord -4 A great. many factor-s have to be taken into consideration in estimat- ing the cost of production. First of all there is the interest on the capital invested in land. buildings and ma- chinery This remains precisely the same whether the machinery is in full orerat ion or not. Raw materials can he purchased more cheaply in large. quantities than in small quan. tities The expenses of oflice man agement and of travelling salesmen are less in proportion when the out- put is large than when the output is small. 'II"-' r _______ . to increase the wages of their work- men. lower prices to the consumers and still make more money than they now do. It is true that a large importation of foreign goods during a period of depression may temporarily cause a reduction in prices to the consumer. but the experience of both the United States and Canada under low .tarifl's \' 'râ€"vvâ€" proves that when the home factories are closed down as a result of foreign competition the foreign manufactur- ers usually raise the price so that the consumers get no benefit. About thirty years ago David H. Mason, an American protectionist, referring to the efiect of protection on prices. said : “ll a man makes 100 tin pans‘ al week. which he must sell at an aver- age profit of twenty-five cents in order to carry on his business and live. he would be far better 03 if he could make and sell 10.000 pans a week at a profit of one cent each; for he would gain in the former case only $25, in the latter $100. Not only would he berefit his customers, he would also give increased employ- ment and wages to labor. Every ladditional mechanic he would employ would require additional food. cloth- ing. etc . to be supplied by somebody Eelse. By such interaction and reac- ; tion all persons willing to labor may lultimately find steady employment land good nay. Then each produces ‘ something to be exchanged for some- lthing else. The greater the number i; of commodities produced. the greater, i other things being equal. will be the number of exchanges. Commerce tends. therefore, to grow with the . increase of production; and produc- ' tion tends to increase under a high protective tarifl.” 1. Free traders always assume that : under a protective system the whole i duty is added to the price, and that Protection md Prices. (Industriul Canada) thus the consumer clweye pnye the duty. If the protectioniets were no unfair and incccurnte in their argu ments. they would declare with equal poeitivenese that the foreign producer paid the whole duty in every case, and they would be just as near to the truth. However, protectionism try to be fair. They never pretend the: 3 pro- tective tarifi does not tax the people at all. But they do believe {but ten:L b “1‘. DUB UIIVJ \- ation is often far less'ennressive with a hizb tarifi than with a low terifi. Taxes must be imposed in some Way. for revenue mustbe obtained to carry on the Government of the country. to build railways, canals and ozl‘ler” public works. ] money for such purposos is not of the peeple by tax collectors. The aim of protectionist statesmen is to so adjust the tarifi that, while yield- ing sufiicient revenue, it will encour- aze the establishment of home indas for the peeple and creating a home market for farm products. If an article is not produced in the! country whatever duty is imposed is usually added to the price. If the tariff is not high enough to cause the establishment of home industries the whole of the duties will continue to be added to the price; if the tarifl is just high enough to cause the estab lishment of an industry on a small scale, but not high enough to encour . age manufacturing on a large scale,1 the greater part of the duty is com } monly added to the price; but when the tarifl is high enough to ensure manufacture on a large scale within the couniry, home competition will sooner or later make the price as low or very nearly as low as it would be _if there were no duty at all. Then ’if the foreign manufacturer wishes to do businessin the country he must lower his price to meet the price of the home manufacturer. and so he practically pays the duty instead of ‘the consumer. Sometimes the price is even lower on account of home * - - u . . . .--Zfl '5 UVU|I IVV‘VI V-- competition, induced by ehigh tarifl. than it would be if there Were no duty at all and no home manufactur are. So protectionists believe that. when the terifi is high enough 10 afford adequate protection it is the least. Oppressive of all methods of taxation. But if the tariff is too low to snow adequate protection to home indus tries, there is not suflicient home paid by the consumer. So prices are often higher under a low customs tariff than under a high tariff. With low protection the competition comes from outside the tarifi wall With high protection the competition takes place within the wall. and is conse- quently more efiective; the competi- tors are subject to the same condi tions; the competition is fair and if profits are unduly high capital is readily forthcoming for new enter- prises. This is not amere theory. ilt has been proved by one hundred years of practical eXpetience in the United States, where the tarifi has been raised and lowered and raised again with such results that the peo- ple of that great country have he- come more imbued with protection- istn atter each experiment. In the year 1887 Mr. A. Williamson; challenged the Cobden Club to issue a short circular to the leading British exporters asking them whether in exporting goods to the United States the taxation was paid by the British manufacturer or the consumer in the United States. The Cobden Club did nor. accept the challenge, but Mr. Williamson sent a circular to a large number of representative exporters of the chief manufacturing centres. embracing cotton, woollen, carpet. iron and steel, brass, gold. silverq electro-plate. hardware, guns. cycles, engineering, glass, indiarubber, leather, beer, and other industries. Out of 531 replies. 530 admitted that to a greater or less extent the United States tariff taxation fell upon them instead of upon the consumers in the IUnited States because they had to Ereduce their prices to meet the prices of the protected American manufac- turers The manager of the Barrow Steel Company stated in evidence before the British Royal Commission on Trade Depression that in one year. 1884, his Company had paid £160.000 or about three-quarters of a million dollars. in duties to the United States Government. This is not a new condition of things. The same law of prices pre- vailed when the United States was a young and struggling nation. For example. two months after the adop- tion of the prOtective tariff of 1842 a large hardware importing house in New York representing British man- ufacturers sent out a circular and price list giving in parallel columns the prices they charged for goods laid down in New York, duty paid. before and after the protective tarifi was increased. Twenty staple articles which cost £143 163. under the old revenue tarifi were ofiered at £131 109. under the new protective tarifi, so that the cost in the United States after paying the duties was consider. ably less than before the tarifi was increased. Anyone who has studied the price lists in the United States under the different tarifls adapted if the tariff is too low to ‘affprd since the year 1824 and compared them with the British prices for the same years will admit that in the great majority of cases the protective duty is noc added to the price of an article. A few instances will sufice to show the fallacy of the free trade theory of prices. Before 1842 there was a low duty on starch. but it was‘ not suficiently high to cause produc- tion in the United States except on a small scale. A large factory had been started in New York but was obliged to shut down for want of “sufficient protection. As soon as the higher tarifl was imposed this factory was re-Opened and at once placed starch on the market half a cent per pound cheaper than it could be bought before the tariff was raised. Other factories were soon established and prices were kept down while em- ployment was given to a considerable number of American workmen. The tarifl of 1842 made the minim- i urn duties on cotton fabrics six cents ? per square yard on plain and nine cents per square yard on printed or. colored cottons. These duties were; equal to about one hundred per cent on the irnporter’s valuation of their goods. A few months after the adopo tion of that tarifl’, Mr. Horace Gree- ley. editor of the New York Tribune. made an enquiry as to the prices of cotton fabrics in Lowell. Mass.. the principal cotton manufacturing cen tre of the United States a: that time. and published in his paper the pti :08 for the three months before and the three months after the new tarifi was imposed. The prices were as follows: AVERAGE PRICES 0P LOWELL COTTON FABRIC-S I‘Ell YARD. Drillings.... ..... 73 cts Shirtiugs. common 5i '° Shirtings. heavy“ 61 Shootings common 6' ” Shootings. wide. . 8; “ Flannels (cotton)..10 “ showings; wide... 8; ” (a Flannels (cotton)..10 “ 8Q “ Thus. although according to free trade theory the prices should have been doubled as a result. of the high duty. they were actuallv reduced. Later on Mill further reductions were made as new factories were built in the United States and home competi tion increased. A large volume could be filled with similar illustrations 0! the fact that a protective duty is not usually add- ed to the price-except temporarily, but it will not, do to weary readexs with too many figures. One of the fundamental principles of protectionism is that things which cannot be produced within a country should he admitted free of duty as far as- the necessities of revenue wrll permit. Free traders. on the other hand. alWays select this class of arti i else as the most suitable for customs.“ duties. Thus during the fiscal year 1903 the free trade British Govern- ment collected on tea. coffee and cocoa alone. duties amounting to £63804”. that is over thirty-one million dollars. Quite a large revenue was also obtained by the British Government from duties on dried fruits, such as figs. prunes. raisins and currents. When there is a duty on articles that cannot he produced in the country it is not for the pur- pose of protection. but as a means of raising revenue. The nearer we ap- proach to the. British system oi free trade the more of such revenue taXes we will have. Any woman who wants tea. coffee. cocoa. chocolate, raisins. currants, figs, oranges, lemons. bananas. prunes. dates and other fruits which cannot be grown in Canada to come in free of duty. should urge her hus- band to vote for protection. These would be just the kind of articles our rulers would select for high taxes if we had free trade or a tariff-for-rev- enue only. Protectionists aim to get rid of all such taxes on things which .cannot be grown in the country. And every body is wondering what to do Here is a simple cure. Uses gargle of Nerviline and water as re- commended in the directions and rub your throat and chest Vigorously with Nerviline. This has been tested and proved successful a thousand times. Nerviline is a specific for tonsilitis and in fact we know of nothing half so good for breaking up colds. curing tight chest and all mus- culer pains, Try a bottle of Nervi- line; price 25c. IIIâ€"Victoria Aljoe, Clara. Ritchie, Millie Hopkins. Annie Atkinson. Ernest McGirr. Alex. Bell, Ada Aljoe. NO. 9. GLENELG. Vâ€"Fred Ritchie. IVâ€"Maggie Weir, Agnes McGirr, Athole Gordon, Lizzie \Veir. Sr. IIâ€"Margeret Ann Ritchie. Will Crutchley. Robert. Lawrence, John Weir, Maggie McGirr. Jr. IIâ€"Susan Bell. Margaret. Mat- hews. Thomas Bell. Pt. IIâ€"Irene Ritchie, May Patter son. Vera Hopkins. Sr. Pt. Iâ€"Willie McGirr. John Bell and Nina Noble, eq.. Willie Weir. Jr. Pt. Iâ€"Alberc Aljoe, Nancy Lawrence and Ruby Meenagh. eq. JOHN A. GRAHAM, Teacher. Tonsilitis is Going Around. In May. Juno audJuly, 1842, ->â€"‘O. HONOR ROLL. In Sept and Nov , 0N. ., 1842 cts. 66 FU RN [TU RE of the best makes UN DERTAKING PROMPT A'l'l‘ENTION TO For all kinds of DEPARTMENT. Hamilton Our personal guarantee I: well as that o! the maker. goes with every stove. Can and see tho Souvenir Ranges. The Gurney, Tilden Compgny Kate Cochrane, thnipel LOCAI Manufacturer: Toronto 4 AG I'L- "l‘. DOP'I‘ED BY ALL LEADING Schools in Toronto. This deservedly puhu' system by meam of chart. drills. mckbou‘d diurrams and other intornstin‘ devices brings the following tupics within the child’s immediate compmhausiuu : Musiul Notation. Rhytlunical Motion. Technique Key-board Location, Musical History. Pinto Work. Feb')’ 50â€"3m' DURHAM SCHOOL. The school in nipped for full Junior Lam ad mtflouh n wurk. under tho follow“ an! of oompomm momma far that dawn“: T1108. ALLAN. 1M Plans (‘rrtificaht l‘fll. “188 L. M. l“0RFA R. (‘lasnivu and Mad“ J. H. SLUT“, B.A.. Mutlmmafl in: and Sui.“ I Mending mm. or an For terms npply to Vincouver and“); student: abound «mar n. or an own nflor u pounds. Foot. $1.00 per month. I. JOHNSTON. (T Chuirmau. Myers Music Method. STAFF AN U EQUIPHEXT. M188 MARGARET GUN. Teacher II. I. I. Noun-en! Limit“! full Juniorjpvn a! bvginnin‘ d