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,‘4 W1 K! 02m |P IN‘ (5’ ”of But times have changed since then, and the question now to be considered is canada in 1911, and not Canada in 1854. or even in later years, when the United States was approached with a view to the establishment of bet- ter trade relations between the two countries. In :1867. Confeder- ation came, and the. four Prov-v in-ces, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Sco- tia and New Brunswick, were confederated under one govern- ment, to “be thereafter known as the Dominion of Canada. But the work of Confederation was onlv begun in 1867, and the union of the four-original Provinces proâ€" vided for the subsequent union of Prince Edward Island. British Col- umbia, and all the other Territor- ies lying north of the 49th paralfiel of latitude. Cana'l-als task. in short. was to weld all these into one Dominion, to provide for its government, and to preserve its autonomy and British connection. to cause our trade to run east and west‘ to accommodate itself to the new condition of things growing out of the abrogation of the reci- For British Columbia to enter Confederation, it was part of the agreement that a railway should be built. connecting that Province with the Atlantic. This led to the construction of the Canadian Pa- cific Railway, which cost this country millions of money and millions of acres of Sand. On July’ 15th, 1870, Manitoba was added to the C‘on‘federated Provinces, British Columbia came in on the 20th. of July, 1871, and Prince Edward Island on the 19’: of July, 1873, A- A Early after the reciprocity treaty went into effect. agreat advance took place in the price of farm products, but the advance was not due entirely to trade with the United States. The Crimean War in which England. France and Turv key were engaged against Russia, began in 155%, and lasted during 1855 and 1856. During these years the price of foodstuffs went up rapidly. but they fell as soon as the war was over. and rose again when the American Civil War broke out.‘ From 1860 to 1865 farming operations in the United States were seriously interfered with, and the demand for Caiad- ian foodstuff was largely increas- ed. and rprices were correSpond- ineg high. To meet the war debt by 3 rev- came. and to punish England for her sympaohy towards the South in the Civil War, the tariff walls went up against Canada, and the Canadian farmer was worse off than ever. Many of the older aid middle aged people now living. can well remember the happy ref- erences to those by-gone days. when the “Rooshian” War, and the American Civil War caused the prices of foodstufifs to soar so high. and: give the Canadian flar- "mer such good and prosperous times. The writer remembers bearing farmers more than once wish that .war would again break out between other nations. in, order that prices might again go. up to the good old figures of Crimean times. The good times enjoyed during the reciprocity years by Canadian farmers. was only in part the result of easier trade relations with the United States. The population of the United States in .1854‘was 26500,!)00. and in 1866 it had increased to 36,000,000 Then Canada had very poor facili- ties for transportation east and west, and to get a water outlet to the ocean. the Intercolonial Railway was constructed, connect- ing us with Halifax, and an all- tbe-year communication was es- tablished between Canada and Great Britain. From 1854 to 1866, a reciprocity treaty was in operation between Canada and the United States- Confederation did not take piace until 1867, and previous to Con- federation, Canada was made up of only two Provinces, Upper and Lower Canada, :now Ontario, and Quebec. When the treaty was made, Canada’s' population was only 2,100,000 approximately. and when it was abrogated. the popu- lation had increased to 2,650,000. Canada was then settled only a comparatively short distance north of the boundary. The Grand Trunk Railway, from Toronto to Montreal. was the only railway connecting the two provinces. and the Great Western, running from Niagara to “'indsor, was the only { railway running through the . Western Peninsula. .There were ' then no large factories, and there ' was but a small home market. Canada v: comparati‘ of the ‘ Trunk Ra. BECIPROCITY THEN AND NOW THE DURHAM CHRBNIBLE W. WWW ‘dl‘o. ‘n' Dmnn’etm. POUR DURHAM. JL' NE 1 5T. 1911 In a letter addressed by Mr. H. H. Miller, M.P., to his constituents of South Grey, he says: I Please let me caution you not‘t to pay too much attention to the L vast amount of anti-reciprocity: literature now being circulated! I mean free copies of the Toron- to News. paid‘articles in the local and other newspapers and in The .Can-adian Century and » other magazines and pamphlets! distributed in our factories to be ! handed, without charge, to fac-‘ tory workmen. This literature is 4' . costing someone an immense sum f of money for the writing, and; the printing. Who is footing the! bills, and why? Is it think you, for love of you? No one is contributing a dollar 3 towards circulating free copies or? The News. As to the charge that "British North America, and upon? this principle, the Grand Trunk Pacific was projected and promot- ed during the past few years. Sir _' Wilfrid said in the House of Com-Ii mons: “A railway to extend from ‘ the shores of the Atlantic ocean to f the shores of the Pacific ocean, and to be every inch of it on Can- adian soil, is a national. as well; "as a commercial necessity. That E end a road must be built. that it? is in the language which I haveE used a national and commercial necessity, that it is a corollary of E our status as a nati-3n that it is a requisite of our commercial devel- Eopment is a proposition to which. Eup to this moment I have heard fno dissent. We consider that it is the duty of all who sit withnn Ethese walls by the will of the peo- 'ple, to provide immediate means whereby the products of these new settlers may find an exit to the ocean, at the least possible ccst. and whereby, likewise, a market may be found in this new region, for those who toil in the forests. in the fields, in the mines. in the shops of the older Provin- ces. Such is our duty; it is im-! mediate and imperative. It is not for to-morrow, but of this day, of this hour and of this minute. Heaven grant that it be not al- ready too late; heaven grant that whilst we tarry and dispute, the trade of Canada is not deviated to other channels, and that an ever vigilant competitor does not take to himself the trade that properly Lelongs to those who acknowledge Canada as their native and adopt- l 1 l .1 h. A D. A H .1 A How does this speech. made dur- ing the advocacy of the Grand Trunk Pacific, compare with the attitude of Mr. Laurier and his foilow e1; toâ€"day in advocating re- ciprocity with the United States and the diverting of our trade into the very channels that he prayed to Heaven neot to’turn it only a few short years ago. Mr. Laurie-r has turned a complete somersault, and had we time and space to quote from Mr. Fielding, the arch-champion of reciprocity. toâ€"day, he would be shown to be equally emphatic in his utter- ances on the imperative and im- emdiate necessity for the new transcontinental road, which, as yet‘ is only being constructed. e‘ll Sir Wilfrid Laurier and his gov- ernment Were actuated by the principle that east and west trans- le-tation facilities were essential to the consolidation and union of iafis, who have pledged the credit of the country to see the debt wiped out. reciprocity with the United States did not exist since it was abrogat- ed in 1866. Such would never have been accomplished, had the reci- procity treaty of 1854 continued in force. Now it seems reasonable to assume that the establishment of north and south trade routes .Will have a strong tendency to undo the work of the past forty years in the establishment of our pres- ent transportation facilities, and the large burden of expenditure will have to be met by the Canad- 0‘. All these transportation facr- lit es enyog. ed by Canada are because beneficial 10â€"day, when we, as a country, have developed commer- cially to such an extent as to be able to stand alone and work out our own destiny. With all these transportation facilities, completed and under construction. the Canada of 1911 is not the Canada of 1866 nor yet the Canada of even twenty years ago, and a reciprocity that might have been beneficial to us at the earlier dates, is not necessarily pocit‘y treaty with the United States. The enlargement of our canals and waterways caused a large additional public expendi- ture. all for the same purposes, of making an east and west trade. - nd this was not all. The new transcontinental railway, the G.T. P.. is now being constructedt and will entail -a further public ex- penditure of $200,000,000. MONEY A N D ELECTIONS ’7 ion. and in ’time. She ‘had herself aand family in comfortable sur- roundings. Nearly nineteen years fago, she sustained another crush- jing blow, in the death of her only Idaughter, Margaret, (Mrs. A. Der- ;by). The other members .of the i family are Willlia m of Grand Ran- 3ids: John, of Varney: and James. a on the homestead at Hampden. Be- E sides her sons, Who will long cher- jish her memory, she leaves a inumbel' of grandchildren‘ and 3 :five brothers. James McCrie. of ! éDe-txoif William, Andrew, andf gMattheW McCrie, near Sarnia; and l lDavid. in Normanby: also one: 'sister Mrs. Walter Miller, of a'Chat- 3 ham who tenderly nursed her: :during‘ her last illness. Two :; gbrether. John. and Hugh, died : many years ago. I In 'company with fiber parents. land the other members of the family. she came ’to Canada in the Near .1853. and lived in Hamilton HOT ,a few years, and While there i she was married 'to James Kerr. of :Dumfries. Sco‘tlan'd. Soon after 'their marriage, they started for .the bush farm on the 18th conces- I sion 0f Normanby, 'Where they ar- xiived in January.~ 1856, "and Where she spent the remainder of her life. FJI' nearly six years, they plodded ghappily along, trying to make a lhome for themselves and familv, i.\vllen death robbed her of a kind land loving husband, and left her iwith four small children to fight 5 the battle of life single thandedJo-r ith-e remaining fifty years of her glife. But she struggled bravely Mrs. tK-err. Whose maiden name was Jane McCrie. was a nartive elf Ayrshire. Scotland. and «there she spent 't-he first twentyâ€"one years of 'h-er life. and ever retained a great love for her native land. Early «on Sunday morning, May 215t, the death call came to Mrs. James Kerr, sr.. and rthus removed one 'of the very first, and most highly respected pioneers of Hampd-en bommunnity. The deceased lady had been in her usual health until about a month ago, Wlh-en a serious form of ”liver trouble :s-et in. and medical skill and kind nursing were unablfe to check its ravages‘ so she passed peacefully away art the ripe age of '79 years. The funeral on Tuesday after- noon to Trinity church cemetery. was very largely attended and gmany expressions of praise were [heard on all sides regarding the generous and kindly disposition of the deceased. He carried with him during his long life the respect and affection of those who knew him, and his departure by death is regretted by all. Rev. Mr. Hartley conducted the funeral services at the house, and was assisted at the grave by a large number of Cr- angemen, who paid their last tribute of respect to a brother Whom t’dhey long loved and OBITUARY. Continued from page 1 allotted spa-n by several years, and was in rather poor health for the past three or four years, his death was not unexpected. Our greatest regret is that such men should not be all-owed to live on forever, but we do not know What is best. Mr. Miller knows that if the Conservative party had a fund equal to the necessary charges of an educational campaign. it would mean probably a change of rep- resentation in twenty constituen- cies. It is likely that Conservav tives will have money enough to perfect their organization for the next contest. At least it isto be hoped that they will not go into the contest bankrupt as has gen- erally been the case since 1896. If reciprocity is to be defeated-there will be .needed both energy and organization, and there must also be enough money to meet everv necessary legitimate expenditure -Toronto News. 'the literature distributed by op- ponents of reciprocity “is costing some one an immense sum of money for the writing L'ld the printing” it might be worth while to suggest that th ere .3 ever} sign of an enormous expendi'mre of [money by Liberals. Is it acrime {for the opponen s of reciprocity to Estate their case to the people, and a virtue for the friends 201“ recipro- city to do likewise? " In the elections of 1900 ahd 1904 lthe Liberal party spent a: Least $2,000,000. In the elc :ion of 1903 the Liberal expenditure \v as beâ€" tween $1,500,000 and $2,000,000. For every dollar spent by the Conser- vative organiza:ion, $100 was spent by the agents of the Government. There is nothing to show that Mr Miller has complained about the amount of these expenditures, or the purposes to which they were devoted. MRS. JAMES KERR. SR. DURHAM C HRON’ICLE. The death. under peculiarly sad .circumstan'ces. of Mrs. John D. EMain at her home on the ”2nd Con- .lcession of Egrem-ont. near Holstein. Eon Thursday morning excited {much sympathy in the commun- iity. Deceased was taken ill of :pneumonia only on the previous #Friday. Mr. Main had been con- Efined to bed for six weeks before :with serious ianess, and his wife was much Worn by watching and attendance, so that her strength to resist pneumonia was unequal to the task. Mrs. Main. Isabella .Sinton Fairbair'n, daughter of Mr, {and Mfrs. John Fairbairn, was born sin Egremont over forty-five years Sago and lived alll .her :life in; the {township Last September Mr. and ngs. Main celebrated the fif- iteenth anniversary of their mar- [flag-e, .She leaves four chil {two sons and two daughters, to lmou’ns the 11058 of a loving moth- er. She Was a member of the Methodist church. and the . services on Saturday dren, been called upon to Forest Confederate We tender our sincere sympaâ€" thies to the sorrowing relatives and friends. Interment took place to Durham cemetery on Thursday afternoon, a Liberal of the moderate type. and a most devoted member of the Presbyterian church, Whose seat was seldom empty While he w as in good health. Mr. Ewen was a good neighbor, of Oxbliging and kindly disposition, About forty years ago, he was married to Miss Dmff. who survives, the ceremony being duly performed by Rev. Wm Park. Besides the sxorrowing widow. three sons and four daughters remain to mourn the loss of a kind and indulgent husband and father. The surviving members of the family are Thomas, in Saskat- chewan; Mrs. John Adlam, in Ben'tinck; Robert, in town: ,_Mrs. B-Oartlett; James on the homestead Mrs. D Hopkins, in Bemtinck and Mrs. Frank Hind, in Durham Mr. John Ewen, of Rocky Sa'u-gee‘n, is a brother. The deceased Was born in Edin- burgh, Scotland, in 1845, and came to Canada with his parents in 1852 and lived near Aberdeen, in Bent- inck, until his retirement to this town about six ou' seven years ago MRS. JOHN D . MAIN We have also some MIX. Oatmeal Millers Did You Ever Consider the Amount You Can FOR THE KI'l'CHFNâ€"Tab FOR THE DINING ROOM Tables, Dining Chairs. FARMERS’ ATTENTIBN nâ€"Hall RaCkS, Han Table: 1 MIXED SEED on z, and our OAT DUST or Oat :e, $1 ~ 0.00 per ton ' :1 ton lots. .bl‘ nteg, China Cabinets. Odd =. Plcture Mouldings. Picture hand that we are offering ATTENTION colors, Floor Mats. Durham, Ont. Save by Feeding Lace Curtains. Next Door to Post Office June lat, 1911 Middlings Raising Ca. 5 pieces crash In‘ 125k. Brokers pm 10 Pieces linen In?» 1230. Broker’s prior: 10 pieces B022; extra fine quali 15 pieces fru- quality, Wort? 12 pieces ext. ette, worth 123.5 10 pieces hand Worth 8c. Bruk '30 pieces '1 shades, Wu?! 50 pieces fris‘ patterns, \xnn‘t Broker's price Big lot ‘OVPI‘LU'A good quality. Also one spoon :s'pec’l qua}. 3’ Men’s overalis. Broker’s price 10 1daozen=s m- Men’us motor coats. Broker‘s price ...... Men’us tweed pants. Broker‘s price..-.-. Men'ns ‘tweed pants Broker’s price...... Men’s ‘tweed pant: quality‘ ‘Worih $11. June let, 1911 81.9631 101 men’s twee est Tatterns ‘and styll Men’s worsted and 1‘ onker‘s price---......... Men’s spring overcoats Brckn’s price....-...-_._‘ Special lot men's twee ‘ quality "wortht‘ ,- .:B 15 men’s odd coats 30 men’s Halifax twetd Rte-”’5 price, While they loads Of new ‘1}: they know the ' night, 11.30. It never It Down >1 prices. Spread Overalls E Broker’s 1 Sna This Busine: Day Saturda “’9 im