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Portugal in coming into the war may seem to other small and hesi- tating neutral States to have tak- en a bold step, but she has really taken the only line of safety. When she seized the German ves- sels in the 'l‘agus she cannot seri- ously have hoped that Germanv would not declare war. No doubt she expected war, and in her whole policy she has acted wisely and with her eyes wide open. We welcome the participation in the war 0! our oldest Ally. Germanv has nothing whatever to complain of on any reading of law or treat- ies. Our Alliance with Portugal has been in existence since 1373, and when German merchant vessels sought shelter in the Tagus it was known to the whole world that at any moment Britainâ€"i! the event did not come about in any other wa -might call upon Portu- gal to in til the terms of one oi the most ancient and best known treaties in existence and support her actively in the war. It was on June 16, 1373, that Edward 111. and King Ferdinand I. o! Portu- gal entered at St. Paul’s into a solemn understanding to help each other, i! called upon to do so, by means 0! “archers. slingers. ships and galleys armed tor war.” The treaty spoke pleasantly of “ami- ties. alliances, unions, good con- !ederacies, and leagues of pure love.” In 1386, with the approval 909:09090900960990009990¢ 90909000900900060000969660. 0000...:0.000:.:§ 90......09000 0090.09.90... PORTUGAL ANDJ'HEAVAR POSITWELY THE lARGEST SAlE IN CANADA I The. Above are All Made from Sound and Whole Grains Special Reduction on Flour andFeed in Quantities T l he People’s Mills on hand. Fau'uwrs and Stock Owners should lay in a. quan- tity nf this Exrvllent Cnnditioner for Spring and Summer F_ee«lirng._ ‘thing 31;}ng it_ for Y_(_mng Pigs, Calves, Etc. 315ch rMiloâ€"n 0;an Milk 3nd puts Horéés inupi'ime condition fm- seeding: Qn fact, it makes everything go that it’s fed to; aim» (‘ahlwvll’s (’vlehratvd Calf Meal. _.Hf._2.1:_..n :. :.:. __.:.. .1 33.1.1» U122... 3:851? .P: 7.3:? l. .11.: gin? “9:31;... gOIZ Zo00€>z April 13. 1916. TELEPHONE N0. 8 (Night or Day) Sovereign Flour Eclipse Flour Pastry Flour Low Grade Flour Rolled Oats Breakfast Cereal \Ve have a quantity of the celebrated Molassine Meal is 0A P4 The easy way of doing a Hard Day’s Wash» with Comfort Soap. We remember that Portugal is a poor country, and we cannot ex- pect from her powerful help. At the same time, we have no doubt that the Portuguese Government will be thoroughly alive in their 'of all Englandâ€"for the daughter of John of Gaunt was then Queen of Port ugal-the treaty was re- newed. It has remained in force ever since. It is very interesting to remember now that the treaty provided that if England and Por- vtugal fought side by side there should be no separate peace. The Allies even promised each other that neither would agree to an armistice without the consent of the other. The treaty is a won- derful historical document. Crom- well and Milton took a hand in revising its language, so that it should be made plain that it was a bond. not merely between Kings but between peoples. Under Charles II. a secret clause was introduced by which England promised to guard the Portuguese colonies, but that clause is no longer secret. From time to time the treaty was expressly recogniz- ed as operative, and a declaration to this effect was made by Queen Victoria. The treaty means for us to-day as it stands: (1.) That we must protect the Portuguese col~ unies if they are attached; (2\ that there must be no separate peace: m that if any disputes arise be- tween Britain and Portugal as to places conquered by their ioint forces, the disputes must be set- tled by a Court of Judicature. Bran, Shorts Middlings. Corn Chop Cracked Chicken Corn Crimped Oats for Horses Barley and Wheat Chop Mixed Chop We do not, of course, think that there can be any question as to the fate of German East Africa in any case, but if the Portuguese hold their gate it will be impossi- ble for the hunted German gar- ‘i‘ison to escape as the Cameroon garrison escaped. The campaign will also probably be shortened. The Portuguese in \Vest Africa. long before the declaration of war on Portugal, let it be known that. the Germans in SoutlwWest Africa could not esczu‘m thrmlirh Portuguese territory. \Ve have e\'-- erv hope. therefore, that now that the Portuguese are actually at war fiey will be able to complete the encirclement of German EH? Africa in the strictest fashion. A glance at the map will show the «.jtvmtion, German East Africa is blockaded by sea by the British Fleet: from the north and northâ€" westâ€"â€"British East Africa and Ugandaâ€"British forces are either attacking or holding the Germans- on the long Western flank lies the Belgian Congo: south-West are Rhodesia and British Nvasaland° and finally, on the southern bor- der of the colony and east of Lake Nyase there is the line which We believe will be held firmly by the Portuguese. There is no Chink anywhere. [own interests, to the fact that theysre at :war, and that wu with Germani is a Kile-and-death bus- iness. T ey will know what to ex- pect it Germany should win. Ger- many, in declaring war, has spoâ€" ken oi the forbearance with which she has hitherto treated Portugal. That means that 11 Germany ever acquired the power to do so, she iwould treat Portugal without {or- ibearance. Germany prolessing for- ibearance is bad enoughâ€"much gworse than the Greeks bearing ’giltsâ€"but Germany professing :anger would be an enemy from ,whom every small country mav well pray to be delivered, and whom it ought to do everything possible to render harmless. What Portugal can {do in this war is quite considerable. She has al- ready, as we gratefully acknOW- ledge, kept a watch on her coasts and we have not heard of German submarines or raiders being able to harbor there. The same watch- fulness can now be bestowed on the Pbrtuguese iSIands in the Atlantic where German ships have lound temporary shelter. But a greater service still can be ren-l dered in Africa. The entry of Por: tugal into the war has come at a‘ very opportune momentâ€"just as General Smarts is ideveloping a largely conceived and dashing movement to crush the resistance in the last colony which belongs to Germany. German East Africa was already surrounded on nearly all sides by enemies when Portu- gal received her summons. The one district where the colony was not cut off from the outer world was the border of Portuguese Ny- asaland. If Portugal can hold the grate here, German East Africa will indeed be a besieged land, and her end will be absolutely certain. Is there any other contribution which Portugal can make to the war? We ask the question in no grasping spirit, but because, as we have said, the concern of Porâ€" tugal that the war should be won by the A ies is as deep as that of any mem er of the Alliance. The Portuguese Army has a nominal strength of about a quarter of a million. It is not to be supposed that Portugal has the means to put such a torce into the field. But it is quite conceivable that she could equip a small force in the modern mannerâ€"say fifty or a hundred thousand men. We call to mind the ever-memorable recon- struction of the Portuguese Army in the Peninsular War. Beresford. who was placed in command of Portuguese, found that they were unable to stand against the veter- ans of Soult and he decided on effecting a complete reorganiza- tion, and giving the army a thor- ough training before taking the field again. He had the fullest moral authority. as he had been created a Marshall in the Portu- guese army and a local Lieuten- ant-Generalâ€"-ranks, bv the wav, which caused the most discomiit- ing iealousy among his British brother-officers, who never knew exactly how the touchy Irishman TEE BUM CHRONICLE The renewal of a Russian ol- lensive virtually along .the entire front of nearly 700 miles from Riga to Czernowitz indicates for 1916 a develOpment of operations along the same general lines as in the spring of 1915; except that the role of the respective com- batants is reversed. In the early months of 1915 it was the Teuton armies that stood ’on the defen- sive. The Russians attacked throughout the winter months in the Carpathians. In February the French attacked in Champagne. In March the British attacked in Ar- tois and Flanders. By the end of March the Allied assault had spent itself, and just a month later the AustrO-Germzms (lelin‘ri‘d their smashing blow in Gahcia. which had been in preparation oven while they wore defending Ihmnsclvcs on two fronts. TU-(ldv it is the. Germans that have been hitting out for nearly a month and a half against the Allied line in the West. The climax of their ;.ttack was attained a fortnight ago. It is a question of days no- forc, west of the 1“(4186). thv situ- ation resolves itself into iliv deadlock which obtains cast of Verdun. The initiative will have passed to the Allies, and before long the Allied attack. which the drive upon Verdun was to antici- pate. will be in motion. On the eastern front it is already under SPRING MILITARY OPERATIONS Fought to be treated when he was 'among British troops. He always had. however, the sup rt of Wei- lington, who thorou-g ly believed in him, though he frequently de- plored his insistence on his rank. He picked a small and select in- ner army from the Portuguese army, and turned them into aston- ishingly good light infantry. and had the glorious satisfaction of seeing them block the path of the French troops, before whom they had at first crumbled away What was possible then would be possible again. This is, of course. only a sug estion. It is offered diffidently, ut it is also a meas- lure of our conviction that the_Por- tuguese Government mean busi- ness. We cannot help feeling that the Portuguese people may well draw closer together in this war, Royalists and Republicans mav discover that in the common de- fence of their country they have lost the bitterness of their difâ€", ferences; the best qualities of the? nation may emerge and. triumph.â€" The Spectator, London, England ' THE BEAUTY OF SEJNLECZET is that every garment washed with it hen“. 37w: impress of purity; a purity I:<’.:;_?<.o;"<rn of v cleansing Oils, and maintained. by absolute LI; -. :1- liness in manufacture; a purity exalted by {iv co-operation of workers united for the purpos z; a purity demonstrated by the “$5,000 guarantee’ which rests upon every bar cf SUNLIGHT SOA P. 6'. \v 5c. A substitute for Sunlight is m" ’I‘.‘ good and never can be. Insist upon the gcrzzineâ€"Sunlight Soap. The name Lever on a “(:31 is a guar mu: of Purity and Eurilencc. wa . T’he problem that confronts Ger- - many to-day is the same problem that she faced the first day of the . war. If the war is to be won on _ land it must be done by crushini! . either France or Russia. and de- , taching the beaten enemy frOm . the alliance. Three such attempts have been made. The first ODE. against France. failed in the bat- tle of the Marne. The second one. against Russia, failed last autumn. in spite of the impressive Teuton victories. The third. once more against France, is now in the pra- cess of collapse. Will the German effort be directed once more against Russia? Assume that the Central Powers might throw them- selves against the Czar’s armies: with something of the fury of ‘ last May. Assume that the Russi-I 'an lines break as they did last year. How far must the Teuton forces e§ush on before Russia is subdu ‘1 At least 'to Petrograd iand Kiev. This means that in the south the Austrian armies must 'advance as far from their present .positions as they did last spring gfrom their lines in Galicia. And ini the north it means that Von Bin-f 'denburg must cover one and ai‘ half times the distance he traq versed from the frontier to his! present lines. i That such a deveIOpment is impossible is shown by the extra- ordinary achievements of the Rus- sian people during the last six months. We as people, instead of armies. advise 1y. For the victor- ies in Armenia and the latest suc- cesses on the Dniester are primar- ily significant of the way in which Russia has rallied under the tremendous blovvs of last year. Compared with her antagonists or her own allies. Russia is primitive in her economic organization. in industrial I'OSOUI‘COS. and. not the least, in her governmental ur- mngements. It is easy to see how a highly organized and affluent state like Germany Would stand up under dolent. how it â€"\\'unl(l adapt itseli' to-chnnging llvvlls. and show increased resourceful- thS with increasing danger. But :past 35 V33“ anu nas U that was hardly to be eXpectcd of ‘ known as the most "3!ka lumbering, primitive Russia. with ledy {01‘ Catarrh. 53118 C hcr inefficient -bureaucracy. Yet ‘CUI'B acts through the NO the miracle has happened. She has i the mucous Surfaces, expellil rallied -under defeat‘ Shp haszxmison from the blOOd Ind borne up under the vast flood of in}! the diseased POPtiODI. misery, let loose by the migrationl After you have taken Hal? of millions of inhabitants from ‘. tarrh Cure for a short time the occupied provinces in the will see a great imprOVem west. Last autumn it seemed that your general health. Start ‘ Russia Would do all that could be Hall’s Catarrh Cure at once expected if she merely continued get rid of catarrh. Send to to take heavy blows without ut- timonials. free. tcrly collapsing. Instead she is F.J. CHENEY C0., Toledo now hitting out on her own ac- Sold by all druggists. 7 . «xmwmmfluu “Come right in,” said the baby}; father, “you’ll be as welcome as the flowers in spring.”-â€"-Muskegon. Mich., Times. The man in the next flat was pounding on the wall. “Look here!” he cried. “I can’t sleep with that kid yelling hke that. I! you don’t make him stop. 1 will.” We offer One Hundred Dollars Reward for any case of Catarrh that cannot be cured bv Hall’s Ca- tan-h Cure. Hall’s Catarrh Cure has seen taken oy catarrh sufferers for the past 35 vears 3an has become known as the most reliable rem- edy for Catarrh. Hall's Catarrh Cure acts through the blood on the mucous surfaces, expelling the poison from the blood and heal- ing the diseased portions. After you have taken Hall’s Ca- tarrh Cure for a short time you will see a great improvement in your general health. Start taking Hall’s Catarrh Cure at once snl get rid of catarrh. Send for tea- timonials. free. F.J. CHENEY C0., Toledo. Ohio With no decision to be obtained either in Russia or in the west. the only war areas that count, the Central Powers would thus be re- duced to the defensive in the heavy operations about to begin. They must wait {or the principll blow somewhere in France. The Russians may press forward across the Dnieater and bring up once more the peril of Roumanian in- tervention on the side of the Al- lies. Even then Germany must hold her -main strength in the west, where the British armies will deliver their stroke before long. Along the narrow British front of less than 50 miles there has been a heavier concentration of troops than the war has witnessed in any field. From Ypres to Arras the Germans must prepare for the onset of perha s a million and a half men, a palanx more (or midsble thanp that with which Mackenson broke the Russian lime last spring.â€"The Nation, New York. \ opin a dumatic attuck in Ash whic has brought her armies to the Euphrates 1011 within striking distance of the Persian Gulf. count against the enemy in the west, and gt the pane tigne devel- WELCOME INTRUDER. HDW'S ms ? .. 090 ll iii A IDeCmi Mmph " .flnan Motor C Battalionsâ€"r Mince ,\; 1 Met. blpf“ (7 m the no ‘ haul) ”We [now “‘BI‘ 0 he to a ”venue tor ' Me than 1": Qllttle ow: ‘ revisi. MM ()1 the dela} *1 (he: Prohibiliux pan: the “(10 Tom: Ion. \V. J ”I'M Temptrarce A July For Nearly Tr “DRY" NEXT SE1“ F'Monal 1:11» .x. .v we intend 1“ P» “ that hum-nu “t be handled by . “In! terms berm». ‘ (hit this smut-m. .3 be hnmxmrvd Ur watering dictum ”t controlied by e w ‘3 “1181 1 Unix} fl of the military hilt-morning 12.: pee on 1‘...» ‘ Novemlw: 0N1: as: far k R 6311;“ 03 correepnud Hail sun: . to LL? from, war me have b -.A ‘ C surpn- ~ beforo. info “the avail "I. ; “Great I the war or wipe r: not to m woman u executed b 5( W. Wufite. the I hen chargm. ‘11 degree. MILL 'H AND P]