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The amplification is :im-nniplisheol with a combination of annihiyiug transformers and vacuum tubes. The vacuum tubes (10 all nf the real amplifying however. The soâ€"called amphfying trausfm-mm‘ does not in- crease the power but transfers it to the next amulifying cim'uit, changing at the same time the ratio of thp Put-rent and voltage to values which are better fur Hpel'aling the “Tn.- x-m-nnm lulw, although first, aim po‘l'ilalm best knnwn to radio lislvnvrs as a lil'tl‘CiOI' of radio signals. his a large field at usc as an anplilio'r. 'l‘hv dM'o-lnpmvnl Hf its usus as an amplillcr hnwnvcr. was dono- in runnoclion Willi ordinary tell'p'101'_ mllwr than with radio. Thus tlw , :nlilvm H to handle vnicv and musical sunnds in the fnrm of electrical currencs; to amplify these electrical currents and in tln- 0nd to use than) to produce lhv original sounds with an increased mlumv. 'l‘lIo- mosl. IlilTirIIll problem. In hIIIlIIvvzg an alhlin frequency ampliâ€" Iier i~ tn maki- the quality of the re- produced signal approach that of the nriginal. The more- a signal is amplified the harder this is to III», and as the best. of the electrical '3'- params is far from perfect. more lil' less distortinn is always present. Great car e is III-('eSsaI‘y in the choice" of apparatus and its assembling. tn km p olisinriinn below the point where it makes ampliliratinn nh- jei Iionable. W. L. t). mks: “\\‘hat is mount by I" apm’imhc primary?" Ans: â€"ln sump l'o‘l‘t‘in'l's ”l0 primary consists- M a half clnzvn turns at wire closo-iy wound uwr the». sm'nndary. Becausa Hf thv close mmpling to tlw secondary thp condenser which W‘ Vuiw- tunes the: svcomhrv tunes thv prim- tr) also. l). D. says: "When recei\ ing local stations on my I'ltra-Audiou set the louder notes of a singer or of a musical selection seem sort of flat and chopped 0“. (me. stage of A. F. amplification is used with this re- ceiver. What can I do to remove this distortion?” follmx'im.’ amhlil‘wr tulw. 'l‘hn vac- uum tuln- controllod by the secon- dary voltage of the prowl-011mg am- plifying transformer releases the in~ creamnl ummmt of pnwm‘ frnm the 8 hch'l'iPfl. Hetl'OpoliLan newspapers raport that about. every third man soon on the golf links these days is a doctor, and the papularity of the same with "'9 DhYSit‘itlns is revolutionizing You may have noucea luau were are not nearly so many opemtiom (or appendicitis as there were eight or ten years ago. It used to be 2m .’r ”(ll .‘tun ‘1 was, fashion to amputatv an appendix first and then find out what its crime was afterward. Bit now in the large majnrity of cases the vermifnrm appendix gets sentenced to life imprisonment. instead of cap- ital punishment. The reason for this is not that the ' ‘ ‘-‘° Inn-tn nhnnl {ha PAGE 6» Selection of Parts l'lw points wlu'rv dialm'imu don- .~\ns.â€"-Your description of the fiMp I In? M (Ar 0/ grader cw! __.Il_ Yowfao 4. Copyright, 1924, by The Bonnet-Brown Corporation, Chic RADIO QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Mr. Sherrill will be glad to help you solve your radio problems. Write him, care of The Durham Chronicle. Construction of a Two-Stage Audio Frequency Amplifier fo‘Wy GOLF AND DOCTORS mike about the 1:711}.1 Two Stage Amplifier (Part One) ”By R. M. SHERRILL (Radio Engineer) NU'I'K: Part 2. In I)» published \nvxt. mmk -. gives Um layout for the palm-I and gvnvrul canstruction dim- unsiuus. Saw thv diagram in Figlm- I I'm' rvfm'mu-o. 'l‘lw distortion occurring in the amplifim' tube is due principally to an mun-0pm- grid voltage. This fault. wt. is by choosing Shi‘lldflfli products ”1' rulialflo rzulin concerns . In so- lvctim: transl‘nrnnws. it. should be rc-mf'mhm'e-cl that altlmugh a high ratio lustwmm tho primary and the swnmlary will giw louder signals, 0. lmwr ratio will giw loss distur- tinn. For radiuplmnu rvcnption, a ratio) of three! tn one, or at most. four- tn 0110 should be 113ml. a flashlight. battery in ”In grid lead Hf the amplifier tul’w. trouble» indicates the need of a C hattm'y fur thn amplifier. Connect .ln thv cases nt‘ tlw amplifying transformm-s and thv headphones and loud-smakm's. thu rvsnits are alvpnnctvut nmrv on tho. df‘fitgll and 'zu-v in manutm'turv than cm the 0p- vration. The only cuntrnl that the raoliu uxpnrimentm- can have over thn quality 01' such apparatus in his .\. M. . . complains as fullnws: “I haw just. tinislwd building a single tnlw l't‘flPX set and am having cou- sidvrablp trouble with howling. What can I do to got. rid of this Imisv 1’" ally takes plzlcv aw, in llm omit-r of tl‘mir impm'tz'uuw: thv amplifying iransfiwnwrs. tlm Vacuum tubps. and llw. lmatlplmnvs m' lfllldl-Spv'dkel'. is wasin mn't‘m'tml by insm‘ting 11 baum'ics as shown in the diagram. 'I‘hv valnns of 41 battm'y vultzlgc nwcessary t0 mrrm't thn distortion in “In tubv dvpnnd chinfly Upon the til'amvnt tvmmratm-v and the» plate \‘nltagv. As t-hp "V' 201A and tho) l'\' 19‘.) tubes are probably tun most usml. tlw valluns ul‘ (2 hattm'y vultagn l'm' Ilifl'm'vnt platt‘ vnlmgvs al’c' g‘ivml bo-lnw: PM!" Vulmgv ’10 .\n.~'.~-lt is sometimes difficult to {:01 rnl of all of the. howling in a reflex set. First he sure that you have a good contact on the crystal detector Try using different sized bvâ€"pass condensers. rexersing the transformer leads, etc. Finally try replacing the A. F. transformer with a different one. to operate for appendicitis, and the physicians and surgeons prefer to give the time to golf. You can play nine holes in the time it takes to open a man with prayer and close him with apology.â€"-'Sudbury Star. An old Negro preacher was intro- ducing a white preacher. The white preacher had offered to preach a ser- mon for the colored brother, and, in introducing the white preacher, the old Negro could notfind enough ad- jectives with which to praise the visitor. ‘Dis noted preacher,’ said the old Negro to his flock, ‘is one of do greatest members of de ,age. He knows de unknowahle, he kin do de undoable. and he can onscrew de (inscrutable !” Marlin in he Maniac, it pan I0“ POI-PIT STORIES 80 I00 or held 513a»; 900.5 hare a: Battm'y Volta; Chicago) Oétoifl 1.0 m 3.0 3.0 tn 4.:') fifitofifl :0 “It is the pull 01' the enter farms that results in this inner rentlirt. Heine; ermmmirally American. pul- itirally British and culturally nine parts of em to (Hlt' of the other. the position «if Canada is, nu doubt. clitl‘i- rult and perplexing. \\'~hen the Canadian goes tn the theatre he sees, usually an American play. When he gees tn the Inin'ies he sees reels 01' American make. A few Canadians whn were born and educated in Britian read British papera and magazines. The native-horn favor those of the United States. The very fact 01' pruximity seems to be the dominating force." Mr. Frank Bohn, a well-known New York journalist and lecturer, who visited Owen Sound a couple of years ago as a lecturer on the Chautauqua tour, has written a long article for the New York Times about Canada, which appears under the heading: “Canada Crepes For Destiny As a Nation." The caption is probably based on Mr. Bohn’s statement that we are “at the cross. roads,” and much more of that nature. He assures his American readers that geography is against. us, or, rather, that every geographic- al consideration makes us a natural and logical part of the United States. This is how he wrote it out:â€" Journalin Who Lootnrod in Owen Sound a Few Years Ago Expresses Bis Vim. - llomnwnting on Mr. liohn's Article a recent issue of the Ottawa Journal says:~,«“.\ll this is amusing enough, though no doubt oloreives some of the American people. We are only “at the crossroads in the imagina- tion of Mr. Bohn. No people in the world are better satisfied with their heritagethan are we Canadians; and no people are less likely to en- courage a thought of new political alliances. Thirty-five and forty years ago the late Erastus Wh‘man wrote and talked more logically and convincingly than does Mr. Bohn now; and yet he was absolutely wrong. Even his policy of com- mercial union. and later of unre- stricted reciprocity, had been the single effect or weakening the sup- ,port of the Liberal partyâ€"which T'had taken it tipâ€"throughout the country. And it was weak enough, heaven knows. when it exposed the W'iman fad. And one remembers Goldwin Smith's preachments of the manifest destiny of Canada in “the continent to which we belong.” Sen- sible Americans, who knbw anything at all about Canada, and the senti- ment of the Canadian people, can hardly be missed by the nonsense of the arguments which Mr. Bohn has used in this discussion of the“un- rest" he believes to be stirrim in our country. The thing is not worth a categorical reply. It is suflicient to say that he is in the throes of a nightmare, and no one in Canada need be sufl‘iciently concerned to wake him up. "From the islands of the eastern coast of Nova Scotia to the islands on the far l’acitic sideâ€"everywhere the geographical factor is arrayed a- gainst the independent life of the Canadian nation. For the Canadian land is not in the slightest degree an entity. Her southern and settled areas from a narrow hand strung along: the American frontier for nearly four thousand miles. These areas are. naturally divided into four sections. The three Maritime Provinces and Southern Quebec are a continuation of the New England coastal region. And the people of the iitl"".‘ eastern most provinces are one in new way with those of Mas- sachusetts and Maine. Ontario is an integral part, geographically and socially. oi' Middle. Western America. Again and again has the writer, in taking a train at. New York city to lecture in some town of Southern Ontario, had a feeling of going home to his own people in the Middle West. The schools, the. churches, the farmers’ organizations. the Rot-.iry I'lluhs of Ontario are all a perfect replica of those in Western New York, Ohio and Michigan. There is a different flag waving from the public buildingsâ€"that is all." Mr. Bohn is driven later on, in a moment of frankness. to admit that we in Canada are. doing very well, notwithstanding our geographical handicap. The odd thing about his deductions is that. [‘n‘actically every- thing he has said about Canada [its as well to the United States; so that the inducement to political union is as strong one way as the other. He also Confesses that Canadians are un- interested in talk about, annexation. Yet he cannot conceal his surprise at their eotentment. He is particul- arly amazed that they should prefer to remain a unit of the Britsh Em- pire rather than yield to the load- stone of affinity and throw in their lot with the l'nitcd States. So he goes on to say: run 30!! man "‘1' CANADA MAINS WITH BRITAIN “Wv ham shown that Canada is not a gc'ngraphical entity. and waver can bu; “ml the llanallians are not, a Sl'pal'utu puuplo- either politically or culturally. and never can. be. Canada has imlvml a Choice tn makv. But that. choicv is ul‘ a lllll'm'l-nl. nature than shn yvl. l'nalizns. It is a sign of a hard winter for a man when the hair on the squirrel is thick and when the hair on her old fur coat is getting thinâ€"Detroit News. DURHAM CHRONICLE “um tn nun an 1 room amuuox" (By Marjorie Bradford, B. Sc.) 1 "Sweetheart Shier is accounted insane by medic» experts "â€"tins: headline recently appeared in an‘ eastern Canadian paper. A rather familiar headline too, in these days‘ when murderers almost without ex- ception seek a mitigation of their punishment on an insanity plea. But as we read on in this gruesome tale, we discover that this young Canad- ian who is the murderer of his sweet heart, is sufl'ering from mental dis- ease and defect, which in its present development is diagnosed as demen- tia parecox resting on an hereditâ€" ary foundation, that in boyhood he had been known to a doctor as feeble and nervous and subject to night terrors; that his mother ten years ago was known to be weak mentally; that his grandmother some twenty years go Iliad been confined in a hos- liilal for the insane. 'l‘hus are the sins and disabilities of the. parent Visited upon the children “unto the third and fourth generation." Nor does the grim prc'icession of crime, disease and untimely death stop at. the fourth genemlion. Au heredâ€" itzirV taint in human stock has pioV en rapable of mm ting and ciâ€"or lllllilllg \\ hole ('llmllllll lilies. and \\e have some. striking examples of its stupendous power in Canada til-day. Further investigations will doubt- less reveal the exastenoe of many “Klallikak” families. Our public in- stitutions are filled with the offâ€" spring of diseased or feeblominded parents who should never have been allowed to marry. They are provid- ing the large part of the burden of crime vice and misery in the \xorld, and almost invariably must finally be maintained at the public expense in our prisons, asylums and hos- pitals. Humanity demands that these poor unfortunates be given the kindliest treatment that modern science and knowledge has made possible. Any other would he in- compatible with the principles upon which Olll‘ civilization is based. But surely humanity demands mow emphatically still that they be not allowed to bring more of their kind The case of the famous “Kallikuk” family in New Jersey has become a classic, where in five generations a child born of la. young,r soldier of good stock and a feehl'emimled servant girl has given to society 1/13 feeble- minded. 36 illegitimates, 90 prosti- tutes, 43 grossly immoral, :4 con- firmed alcoholics, 3 epileptics, 82 who died in infancy. 23 criminals and 8 keepers of disorderly houses. All Our Graduates have been placed to do!» and still there are calls (or more. Get your course NOW. If you do not get it. you 'pay for n anyway in smaller earnings and lost Opportunities. Enter any day. Write. can or phone for information. CENTRAL BUSINESS COLLEGE Stratford and Mount Forest wnnmr mama momma“ A. G. McCOMB point. The School is thoroughly equipped to take up the {allowing courses : (1) Junior Matriculation. _ (2) Entrance to Normal School. Eaeh member of the sum is a Uni- versrty Graduate and experienced Teacher. Intending pupils should prepare to enter at beginning ofjerm. ~--__ 1.. bl'fEEoFKLP‘H'IdE-oté'ddiées may be obtained from the Principal}: VII '“Iuvw ou- '-â€"- vâ€"â€"" _ v The School has a aridâ€"{table record in the past which it hopes to main- tain in the future. Durham is an attractive and heal- thy town and good accommodation can be obtained at reasonable rates J. A. M. ROBB, B. A., Principal. JOHN MORRISON, Chairman. i r u. Water! Water! Water! RH. No. 4. Durham. Whilsfidllaltlhrth? Why take a chance and usu water that is polluted and unfit for domestic use, when Pure Water can be had by having a well drilled. w. handle Pumps and Pump It“ pairs. Satisfaction Guaranteed ED. J. PRATT Pl: some $42 linolo-um his 10ml intako "I And (Carri: Blam 81mm down Fella! it no; W} ‘l‘h M 1H] HI