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$158 Constable Cook of Ceylon writes of the Early Happen- lngs in Grey.---Personal Experiences of Well-Known I; Resident Are Related. One of 019 'early pioneers of Gray Cmmtv Untario. few are left “ho rvmrmhm' thp varipd Pxperiences of those hygunp days. Circumstancvs haw changpd as the years rolled on. and we are now surroundmi by com- forts and cnm'eniences that were nnt dreamed of in the middle of the last century. Attracted by the prospect of free land, many who in the old countries new-1' 011'aned home came with their families across the sea not realizing what thev were facing. Mam of these had newr 111 um: an mm 111- MIN! 3 tree. After a long sea 101m."- and a rough o1erland rmmg thev arri1ed at their new homes. cm the narrow road just opened by thv imwrnment. they halted be- for» u thickly wouded, heavily tim- bm'o-o'l format. This was their future hnnw which had in the prncoss of timo- and hard wnrk to be trans- fnrmwl intn smimth pasturn land. grown meadows: and waving tit-Ms of grain. This was their task from “'lllt'll UH‘)’ did not flinch. Ono- of ”103? hnmic pinnm-rs was Mr. R. H. Cuok Hf fipylnn. Untarim whom» fathm' ramp at nine-town years of ax» to Bytnwn, sim'n Ottawa. and enagvd with a lumbm' mm‘chant who also kopt. a gmwral stowâ€"a Mr. (”Jun-land with whom ho wurkod sewn years and, Jacnh liko. married Mr. Oinppland's daughtor. Tho'n hn mnwd tn Hm UMHShip of Trafalgar. to loam farming. Rn- bfl't. though young. I'i-mpmhm‘s friends coming tn say gondhyn when they warn lmving Ottawa. ---v - .. From Trafalger, the family moved to the township of Glenelg, Grey County. and settled on a bush farm being lot number seven on the sixth concession. There was not a stick. out on it. He cut. logs and with the help of neighbors. built a shanty covering it with cedar clap-boards. A chimney in one end supplied heat. light and cmking purposes. The re- mainder of the small space served all purposes for the family. All the houses on the line were built on the same. plan. The hinges on the door were made of wood and creaking loudly as it opened or shut. made a fine burglar alarm which happily was not needed in those days. He brought a load of lumber from Durham. but. near home was a swamp over which he had to carry it. for the oxen could not get. across the. swamp. The family lived in Min'l‘immins’ shantyuntil their own was tit to live in. And now as farming rommrnrml. \u- will give. it in Mr. R. Cook's own graphic «Inscription. ”\Vho-n a pioco of land was rlrarml hy chopping down and burning tho logs and brush. tho sowl was sown on the now land “hirh had boon gone over In a homo mailo harrow or oftoner In tho rlumm hon madr h\ a black- smith. than na small tree \\ ith spread- ing hranrhrs \\ as cut. «loan and the own hitchm‘l to it, and it. was drawn bark and forth across the land to rowr tho wool. Mother earth, rich with the leaf loam of countless wais. rrsponilml hrartih to those en‘nrts and the St‘C‘d committed to hf‘l' lumping \it‘ltlt‘d a rich return. Tho first harm“ “as made of mood triangular shapml \\ ith \\ oodvn pins but. my fathor brought, sumo iron pins with him and mailw a harrow that. lastml many a clay. "\"ht‘ll harvest limi‘ came. every member of the family that could handle a reap hunk turned nut. and cut it and hound it into sheaves. It was said one .\lrs. Blair rut twenty shocks in a day. The threshing was done with a tlail which was two long sticks ("'nnt‘t'tt‘tl by a strong piece of leather lung: enough to al- low the heavier stirk when swung by the man manipulating the one he held in his hands to strike heav- ily upon the. upen sheaves on the floor thus separating the grain from the straw. .\lr. Timmins threshed his grain on the floor of his house. To rlean the grain after being so threshed. a sheet was placed on the ground on a windy day and the grain spread on it was lifted up and stirred so the chaff was blown away. The wheat was ground in Durham mills. "After some years. Joseph Firth got an open cylinder machine. It was about the size of our fanning mill. I think it. look four yoke of oxen to keep up the speed. and every team was driven by a boy who had PAGE 0. to walk with the'oxen. and those boys were surely tired at nighp- “Later on Mr. Cox got a machine made by A. A. Cochrane. It. was called a separator because it sep- arated the grain from chaff. It was a the team horse-power and a great improvement on the former way of threshing. My father had the first wagon. but he could not use it much. the roads were so nar- row, suitable only for the home ”do sleighs or jumpegg. “When iny brother. Thomas. was :bout fourteen years old. my father took sick. and my mother and we children had to other in the hu- vest. Imagine a boy of fourteen cutting all the grain on the farm with a cradle! We usually had one and sometimes two days threshing with a machine The first giain c1adle “e had “as made by Mr. Thihadeau, who li\ ed near the lrish Lake. It was a good one and did us many a year. W‘ool was much needed for mitts and socks, and the strong home made cloth and flannel. My father got his two sheep sup- posed to be ewes for breeding. W‘hen spring came, one proved to be a wether which he sold for five. dol- lars to a butcher in Durham to be delivered at. Ritchie’s SChOOI house for he could not get his wagon any nearer to our home. When the day came {01‘ the delivery, my father tied the sheep's legs and put him on the jumper' and [Hit me. (ill to hold him while he walked and drove the oxen. so we lost one half day of a man, team and boy to deliver one sheep. The other raised two lanihs every spring. so we soon get a line tloek of sheep. "My fzitlwr had the first frame ham «m lhv linv. taking out all the timlm' and shinglos himself with wn liltln help. \ man named Rus- \wll built a szm mill at what, is mm kmmn as Ha} \xanls Falls. A mm namm Jnhn Marlin formed it. The clay ml the raising. he» was lllll't by a fall. sn Jnlm Truwrs saw it put up but. found the rafters three inchvs too shun. But thou we. got luml‘wr nmm-r homo. "In thnse days, cattle had to hunt a living in the woods where in sum- mer there was rich herbage. Many a long hunt we had toofind and bring them home. I remember one morning, my mother got me up on hearing a fearful noise among the cattle and saw a bear hanging on to the tail of a steer. The bear left when he saw her and the dog, but ever after the steer was minus half of his tail. Another steer was never found and was thought to have been eaten by wolves which were num- erous at that time. “The first public school was on the sixth concession and was called la“ r10" School house. My brother Ihomas and I more the first pupils. It “as taught b) one Patrick H‘Leary. who was fresh from Ire- land. He started the fire in the slow by putting the. kindling on top of the green wood and wondered it «lid not go. We showed him the right way to build a wood fire. He. said he never saw a fire made that way in Ireland. ‘(mr firs t clntnch “as built on a pivcv of land gi mm by Mr. Thomas Blair who gave nrw acre for church and m-mmm‘y. His own son was the first on» buried there. "RPV Mr. Huggins. a Methodist minister. was invited and acceptod. The peeple made a bee and got out the material for the building. The prmcher called a mooting and pl'mll‘hl‘fl a 501mm: on the roadside, llm timber being used as seats. : "The minister was head carpenter and soon the church was ready for sou-yirr. They named it Zion, and though the first building has passed away and a now our takes its place, it is Zion to this day. On the open- ing «lax the first lnmn \\ (15' Zion stands by hills surrounded. Zion kopt by power divine; Happy Zion. happy Zion, What a t'mmwl lot is thine. "Many a soul was blessed in old Zion. That was where Joseph Edge was converted. who afterwards he- eame «me of nur greatest. preachers. Il‘ ewr there was a true Christian, he was one. .-\ Sunday Sehonl was started. (‘iem'ge Cnsnnie being super- intendent. He carried on Sunday Sehnol and prayer meeting until he lvft for Kahsaé. He was greatly missed. I was librarian and secre- tary until I left Glenelg. "Leaving 61011913, I served my ap- prenticeship as a blacksmith. I worked in Durham with Mr. Horn, then in .‘Im'kdale. Paisley. Mount l-‘orost and then came back to Dur- ham and finally started for myself in Flesherton Station in 1875. Though but. a young man, I soon built up a good business. I was con- sidered a good horseshoer and got. much to do in that line. “In 1876 I married Miss Jane Mc- Mullen. only daughter of William and Mary A. McMullen. and sister of J. L. McMullen, Magistrate, who lives near Ceylon. I was captain of the callithumpian procession under the patronage of the Grangers‘ pic- nic held in Flesherton in 1876. the largest procession ever seen there. After working at my trade for tif- teen years. I was forced to give it up on account or poor health. I went into droving with J. L. Mc- Mullen and later with W. G. Pickell. He was one of the finest men I ever worked with. He always tried to do right with everyone. “While in the livestock business, I shipped to Toronto and Buflulo. I paid out. as much as seventy-five thouand donors in one your. tad stock was not bringing half as much} then' as it does now. I usually went‘1 on the stock train. and there was one night every week I never got to bed. I always looked after my stock and sold it an the market. I was about twenty years in the cat- tle trade and while in it, I took charge of stock on a cattle boat that "â€"-U' was booked for Newcastle-on-Tyne, England. There were two hundred cattle and two hundred sheep. It was no small job feeding and wa- tering them every day. I was re- lieved when they were unloaded. “Coming back our boat carried three hundred boys and girls from the Barnardo home. We sometimes had lots of fun witn them. We had them wrestling and playing games, and in every way, we tried to make the trip pleasant for the poor little homeless waits. We had church service every day at 2 o’clock and a dance and concert at night. Before I left England, I went 01' er to Ireland. I spent one Sun- dav there at a place called Clomas. * I attended church and saw three Anglican students ordained. It was a good seniee. In that village. the houses 11 ere all 111ofed with thatch. I got 11' armed 111' a peat fire I saw about fifty women cutting turf in a box: and men taking: it aw a1. They had asses with two large baskets called ereels hung across the asses’ backs. I also 5311' four women corn- -ing.into town sitting on the bottom of a cart. drawn by an ass about the size of one of our colts. They had baskets of butter and eggs and all seemed happy. The Irish peeple all Seemed to be enjoying life. I asked one of the. men that was plough- ing why he put one horse ahead of the MM He asked what other 11:11 1onld it be. done? I explained to him the 11a1'11'e did it, in Can- ada. “W by, " he said.‘s11re no horse could work that way, and how could a man drive them?" “I spent several days in Liverpool and was equally amazed at the way they hitched their horses. I saw as many as four horses hitched one ahead of the other to a dray wagon loaded with one hundred sacks of flour and meal equal to five tons. The dray had tires six inches wide and one inch thick. “I saw many sights in England and Ireland that I never wish to see again. Little children half naked on a cold day around the coal yards picking up crusts of bread out of the dirt that men eating their din- ners had thrown away. I was told the parents were away all day. and the children had to pick up a liv- ing or go hungrv I often read of the slums of big cities. but half has not been told. “Some years later I visited the State of Kansas where my married daughter, Mrs. Cushnie, then lived. I visited the beautiful cemetery at Hiawatha where many who left Glenelg years ago and went to Kan- sas were buried. Old Mr. Lowrie, Mr. McNab. who used to keep the Post Office in Durham. also William Robertson of the fourth of Glenelg, and George Cushnie. my old Sunday ‘School teacher. Also the grave of Ellen Lowrie. who married a Mr. Gold. Old scenes and memories came vividly to my mind as I stood by her grave. One particular I will give. I and another small boy went to have a bath in a creek nearby. Seeing no one on the road, we left our clothes on the bridge overhead. Ellen, then a grown-up girl, came along and picked up our clothes and went. on her way. From a place where we could be heard but. not seen, we. begged and coo-ed Ellen to bring back our clothes, but she teasingly went on regardless. We got desperate. and soon she heard the pattering of two pair of feet and the panting breath of two small boys. She dropped the clothes and ran. I told the caretaker of the cemetery the old prank she played on us, and we had a good laugh over it. JOHN MCGOWAN The People’s Mill Durham, Ont. Bran Shorts Feed Flour Oat Chap Crimped Oats Mixed Chop Mixed Grain for Poultry Food Blatchford’s Calf Meal - Pig Meal and Poultry Feeds Our Feeds are of the Best Quali Flour is Guaranteed. Prices , and our t for Cash Sovereign Flour ' Eclipse Flour White Lily Pastry Flour Wheat Cereal and Rolled Oats "w wrrvâ€"vâ€"v‘“ 7 abo‘ut forty yem 1130' find have served the county _of_ ‘Grey 33 best I was often called in the night to go out alone many miles in the dark but never refused to go when the call came; neither was I afraid to| do my duty as an officer of the law.{ I have always stood for temperance’ and have had the satisfaction of seeing the hotel banished from our community. “About thirty years ago, I built a brick block in Ceylon, the front part for a general store, the back for a living room and the upstairs for bedrooms. My wife and daugh- ters carried on the store. But soon sorrow entered our home. Our only son, Thomas, who was a brakeman on the C. P. R. for about five years. and one night his train got stuck in a snow bank, and he was sent to guard the rear end of the train. It was a terrible night, and he caught a severe cold from which he never recovered, and later passed away. Some time after, my daugh- ter. Mrs. Cushnie. died, leaving two *children and her husband. In 1917 my wife. who had been in declining health for a long time, went on before. leaving us sad and lonely. Our youngest daughter, Clara, died 11 months before her mother. July I could darigig that. time. Many a hard case I have had t9 dos} _wit.h. ‘9, 1916, leaving my daughter, Millie. and myself alone in our home. About two years age, I suffered a had at.- tack of flu which has left my heart in bad condition. Life is lonely fer us, but we try to he cheerful and enjoy life as happily as we can.” Mr. Cook has told his storV no" and truly of early pioneer life, and now in declining Vears, he and his daughter, Miss Millie. liVe on in their comfortable home in CeVlon or Flesherton Station. Truly they keep open house for their many relatiV es and waim fronds. With ample means to hie to warmer climes, they are sometimes tempted, hut home ties are strong. Perhaps the strong- est bond is the beautifully kept plot in the Flesherton Cemetery where the loved ones are sleeping. WATCH FOR HIM; Farmers are asked by the Ontario Agricultural College to keep their eyes open for the Japanese beetle. This pest gained entrance into the United States only eight years ago, but is already exacting heavy an- nual toll, especially in New Jersey. The adult feeds on the green leaves and stems of many plants, while the larva burrows in the soil, de- stroying root growth. Altogether it makes a very bad combination. He has moved north as far as Michigan. and entomologists fear he may cross the line any time, extending the 2,500 miles already infested. H,U UV ‘1 “I DO “llvuu asunvuvkuu This is a stout beetle, a little long- or than the common Colorado pota- to beetle. F111 the most pait it is colored a bright, metallic green tinged with bronze the head, ab- domen. t1101ax and legs being of this Mr. John Pust and family desire to express their sincere thanks to friends of Durham and vicinity, and especially to the members of the G. W.V.A. for kind expressions of sym- pathy in the recent death and bur- ial of their son and brother, the late Pte. Anthony J. Pust. DISTRICT WOMEN’S INSTITUTE ANNUAL MEETING JUNE 17. THE ANNUAL MEETING OF THE District of South Grey Women’s In- stitutes will he held in the Public Library, Durham, on Wednesday, June 17. Sessions at 10.30 a. m. and 1.315 p.m. Mr, George A. Putnam, Toronto. is expected to be present. COME! ! ! Durham Branch is asked to provide for dinner and supper to he served in the Library.â€"M. MCI!- raith, Secretary. 6 11 lpd CARD OP THANKS HE IS A BAD ONE shade. The wing covers, however are bright. reddish capper bronze 7 -lâ€" A-- .1fltlh dl’U Ulleuu uuuuuuuu _ .. There are two white spots on each side of the abdomen. The brilliant coloration and the border of white MLM DURHAM BUYING STATION MAPLE LEAF MILLING CO. to every housewife who uses Maple Leaf Flour and sends in only four Maple Leaf Flour coupons (1 coupon in 24 lb. bag; 2 coupons in 49 lb. bag; 4 cou- pons in 98 lb. bag). Youwillagreeafteronetrialofthisbrandthat you have never used so satisfactory a flour. Made from Canadian hard wheat, carefully selected, and tested at every stage of its milling, and sold under a definite guarantee of uniform quality. It will give superior baking results whether used for bread, cake or pastry. Q-AL4 _ ,, j WhereDoaSheGetSuchawerIdea! Poultry, Eggs, Wool, Hides, Etc. Hague bed Club in prep-rd an nun-ll Iguana (septyou by“ up“) on Cwmd Album! Overtheirtea-cupotheymned atthe ingen- uityoftheirhosteuâ€"«ltwureflysuchm unusuallunchmoodaintyandoonicelym And the amt Inaâ€"just 30 minuta' Itudy This famous Domestic Scions. 9f_the_ pluck beg! ‘Clnb‘bu HIGHEST MARKET PRICES HEAD OFFICE TORONTO. ONTARIO ARCHIE CLEMENTS {91's, howeven r33] spots make this insect easily 41,-- tinguishabfle. 81101119};th find suvlg 'vâ€"vâ€"v I. beetle in your locality. 50m a specimen and statement as to its 10- cution to the 0. A. C. fl. “he. “8(0‘ il' llnh Julv 10“: and 11m Amateur radio (ope! bars of the American 1-: their second annual “ge vâ€" ., maliSf‘d le' "\“VMHM E. momhm-s hum :1H .. m .I'P. “XIH‘P'W‘ in HM The [N’Ulilv m m. nocticut am- tin-mi . those Hsvillzmn'.’ ‘ which radiah- and regepg._ion. Bldin 0|ng”; 3‘ have bpcumo- g-nm mtoro t-h“ 1“ng hibitfi any snlt H1 brpldcaslnm lu-mu. mndnight._ . "13th?! S‘a‘vs ;'u simflar “Wthuds‘ n1 unnngam v “e .flall' I! '10 in ; -R. n. L. wmcnhun Kuw HIM ‘ quenfly 1.0!“; can» Sm" “f though this lamp “Hung“ chance i“ 1"” Who" Hum! from half way is . qupstinn v in {mm H1" or fr“n| ”\1‘! instructiuns 1! Pen"): I‘N'vnv: in MI" $1M mus lengths. Wh: this?" hu'e NW NW“ Meow: In wani' Huniltnn. 21!" " Mrs “pl" 310‘” \ The "HI! M ' “nun! Furn-t H; 00!. Gillvsmv ..: Thursday :H'lw: : ~ Haunt me‘ ersmn (‘Hnll'm Weslorn Mum'- lnve drawn up A [‘qblml't Im commmw ..r . prizes “'nn H! connnrnnn \\ “- lemorial. dur- \V. H. Prim“. Thp nlwnzllu trict arm". us 12... \x, played in Palm-Nu]. nu div m'vnnmr. May 27. um I I iâ€"Ill Liv. Al ”I" ruguiur mer Town (lmxnt‘il (In Mnmm June 1. HH' mnh'con z'v-r wing hy-luw that “as e Int mvvtmg. was «low However. nutu-v was an m“ b9 ill'l'tniIIKWfl at Wing. Thu Bank (of MN ”(horned to luau an a exceeding 62.500 "‘3,“ m Extreme Radio Locauon' (Copyright. Owfllau‘ng Receivers A. 110.009 “ Tmeay Reception last resim pays Mr. Sherrill u'ill problems. Write I Mount Forest ra. ll \V \\ ith It i.- all" im an: RADIO QL’ M 1921.. by T UI TRAYS N TH LRN. I" ll ll. ll pawn-Inn ilmmatlu lll "I \1 \\ h II (i Hm ula \\