.,.. THE INTERNATIONAL BROADCASTING BUREAU By R. M. SHERRILD (Radio Engineer) The reports of a Super-superpower station, located in Geneva, Switzerland, and internationally owned and operated, continue to circulate. An organization, calling itself the International Broadcasting Bureau, (I. B. B.) and consisting of representatives from nine broadcasting countries, has been formed. - \VeiAmerii-ans. who live inacom- has the appearance of a piece of paratively large country with few furniture and has no conglomera- intei-national borders. do not realize tion of Wires and batteries (Ian- the necessity for such a bureau. In gling around. _ “I h REPAthG A SPECIALT‘ ‘ Europe, where the signals from ' If these arguments are. accepted DESIGN†IS WEALTHY TWO HELD UP ON ' 1 even a low powered station may by the manufacturers, we can ex- COWBOY "I NEW “I“ THE 31'0“ ROAD ‘ cross half a dozen international poet, the newer receivers to be more . . . The C381‘ hush,“ â€m... is much danger m. handsomely mounted. to be more His Troubles Begin When a Rich Motorists Robbed by Pair of Armed J S "cumth â€arm out severe fulopjgn i'ailiu iiit.o.,.f,.,.,.m.,,. “asâ€... controlled. to operate without Uncle Dies. Desperadoes. â€" Provincial Police ° ‘ Shoe Store . ft is expected that the l. B. H, the present. type (if A and B batter- . . . . .. . . Believe Hold-Up “on A“ nude†through its iiiternatioinil station. ies. and to he better suited for tht‘ . .Rl‘l'†Pretty; l niversal attrac- mn i... an. to mm: no...†harmon." perfect monument. of local and tum starrim: \imiam Desmond. While returning in a mum car between the European countries moderately distant stations rather WING“ will)“ shown in â€1“ ““9!" from a business l-l‘ll’ to “0m late and a in.-operafioii in the arrange- than for picking up DX. ‘1‘â€5 Star l‘h'eatre tomorrow and Friday night. “I" “I“ Elora “tad. ment of broadcasting schedules, â€"â€"-o-â€"â€" Saturday evenings, is a comedy- Joseph Davidson, travelling sales- a Government Investigates Trust dra'nia dealing with the experiences man f'or the Wellington Produce, ‘0 .0. .0. .0. .0. Women Influence Type of I Charges against R. C. A. of a number of cowboys who go to and Harvey_I.angdon were suddenly 9 I . Radio Receivers t Vumeroiis and persistent charges a big city to lend moral supportto confronted III the vicinity of Bos- _ , . . ‘0 0’ Q It. has been estimated that lt'r'i‘ithat the indie th‘il‘pt‘iration â€f Aln- llll‘rit'itl tin-iiiI llll‘llllht'l‘ who‘ has in- worth by a can stopped on a nappp\v . ' . 1/: g - 0‘ . . than let per cent of the homes iiiierica were iiiiï¬iiiopolizing the. radio “1,. lulu-d!- 1. ‘."“.. ";â€'l’}.‘.â€f; “WWâ€! Myâ€! â€l “’a‘l- and 1113011 slackening i ' Q. .0. .0. the timed States are edllildieil with i industry in the l'nited State?“ llflW‘ .1 ' U f ' . “l 4‘13"?! ». NW1! he hm up m Univ-P m render aSSlStzlllC(" . . â€Ml†W'WWH It i‘ H“. aim ofiresiilted in an lll\'t"Sl-l£all0n bv the (1:1)!“ iisl ii.‘ioiit,'.iiiiii. Sk' U ‘ were Slll'llblScd by two men cl'imb- .’ â€t . "‘lt't'l'll'ii‘"â€PM"1H“! drillers tom-t toriDepartment of Justice. Attorney- 1 “we†i ll‘ fit-rt. JP: 5 iaraer, mg 0†the â€â€œng 1")an of the I Q t lht'msi'lVi-s as lunch of the litls‘llli-sSltieiii'i'al Sargent. has announced that 1“,â€: I.†H “Mâ€. t“. H." .uncle. and my and pointing WYOIWPS at them “it. .9. O of lll'tt remaining 8'3 tier cent as the lll\‘i'.~'llt-":Itlfill is still continuing. [Midlumlmmï¬ aw; “â€17“â€..alm‘i' mm â€â€œ91 demanding â€1‘â€? money. T†Q » - . and that â€w patents controlled by \il'diii'i‘tilbl'lll‘l B‘llt‘.tt,‘lf"'titlt'l. awning this demand. both responded, and Q Q 9“ r - T. â€w ll. (1. .\. and other related mat... ,, . iis plolldnlnll supplies Lie aftei. the. thug-s cleaned these men, 9 t § . V ~ . OHJ S JUST â€I.“ ‘m‘ twin" looked into didmatn situations and the l:i;.:_ ran forward to their car and made i. ’0 0.. .0 0'0 LOVELY 2‘. . . . â€" - flit?ltl°jln]\t\'llll\l'l†the. cowboys furnish lll'tl‘jll' escape.I l l l d t I 0. O’. . O Q I . . . , .o _ _ ie case ias ieen ianie .o _ ° Radio and Insanity 'lllt‘_[il(.’llfl't' was filmed tll San provincial police for investigating; . l 9, ’ .9. ’9’ 'It has been gm“... 1,.- I)“ lsham l‘l‘flllt‘ls‘t'i‘i under direction of Arthur as it is felt that the despei'adi‘iis 3‘. ’0 0.. 0.0 H. llarris. who is siiperintendent of Reason and is doubly entertaining are apparently novices at this work 1: Or“. O l .the Brooklyn State Hospital for the by reason of the fact that. some fine and by securingr of the number of Q’.‘. Q‘Q .0 ' \ltf)\.~‘ oi the city are shown. the car occupied by the robbers " ‘ Q i O 3‘ ' lior three of the cast, it was a little trouble is anticipated in the " l Nat,"3|tf‘i'iiif,li'i‘; tor three nlt‘h‘ih‘rs running' to earth these fellows who 'i l of lniversals famous ltancli Riders apparently knew their victim and were given an opportunity to see {I‘llltllllli‘ll the hold-up. ( liiissfli'li‘, \ ,‘_'Ht'tl “My i†ll“ llllS.l it is t'fifllllf‘fl, is to descn the l'iifiiy-ei' l’mtlH sets so thitt tllt'\ will ttlitii"t'i ' . C Al to the women. ' lp to the present time. most o": the l't‘i'i'Hlllf.’ sets haie lit't'll bought.i b_\ the men. who. iiiironsciolislv' lâ€frhap-". liitH' ltt't‘ll lllHl't' i'ollt'el'lii'il' “Hill the ll.\ that they could get than t \\ i r l ' I 0 u l ' mil lul’t:"w:l_l.ll«’l‘tit."rotl' the plosidm or’ Insane, that, radio sets were no long- “'Hi‘, ti“..inli’[ifi)wrilii1;.p..rl\l,.p. im- allfHVt'tl ill the liiisliltIIl liiit‘JIUSie ' . t. ‘ O o o ‘- I I l I Hmhmmnm “l . . _.i no ioth thelot the irritating eflect of static on Mr. ‘I .. .in., ieieiiiir.’ :ipp:i.i'a- the mental cases . \ .‘y'l ; ' " ' i ' if I' ' ' . . . PM,†1.,â€.'.m.,.h.dl' .lttf'alll/t'tt the home of the static that. We have “in, â€N'P'Hll\'".' td‘ ll’,â€"â€'f“'ll.“ it “mus-flown getting in the last couple of t†â€WW". i l‘ll '. lt‘) are willing.r months has been enough lo provide m â€We lifv'diji‘, .t'rece o. lll.l'lllllll‘.i"lil'.. llarris with a number of new ., lf._- ioonis provided itgpalients.’ (Copyright, 1921,, by The Bonnet-Brown Corporation, Chicago) KER RADIO QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Mr. Sherrill will be glad to hel ° 0 , . . .3) you solve our radio problems. It rife him, care of The Durham 2Chronicle. ti \‘ i \. .‘.. .. , . 1... . . . . on; p.12, 'II'Y‘L'm‘ff 1' t ill.“ ‘f‘H‘W'I‘ amount of inductance. it, will work â€Hi“. l' ‘ ' â€" «I U H: N'i'otching ‘llls‘t. as well as the original type of t ‘ 'tIlt‘l‘}. (I'll! “‘"ll \‘tlll‘ll IIII' ;.'1- (“(Wil a lt'lllltl is lllSt’HlHH'ulO'iL a ,mp â€f the ' llttl~o| "t|:]"'llI.-" I". .- f}. . . ‘ . '»‘- w liiean thi fl ._. i a; ~~ . . H“. l)’ lt5tltt'l'\' lloiwils’ l‘t‘lilitrtlign)‘ t " I l ‘\' ‘ .-\"’ I an] tltlllllltltl \iisâ€" Tl“. â€H. H ‘ - .. h," it transmitter somewhere “981' l: inï¬rm“ i“ ll" ""'_"'-'lit he in the me. which interrupts my reception “Hum {w â€if†“ 7‘ "l" \"I'.\' old. It ..:' broadcasting. I do not, hear any ted. -i l . "\"il \\ lh your an. .rioise from this transmitter but the -.l.i il‘i f'lll;"t‘lâ€tl. , I~ wimm in, , . I] .‘f'lizj renown. } mime that, I am receiving, stops and enifr t tit-H," ,1 â€M“ ’ ‘ml't' t†“V- alerts again at rapid intervals. What. . ,t‘ .i“.." can I do to 9p.“ thig‘?" ti. i». if p, â€â€˜1‘. a... l ‘ Allihl’l'olll your description of In“ -l...~.- "..i‘,.;r\\:“l\. .m_! no ]use a the trouble. it is probable that, â€1.1.1.0 â€I“ “mug? '_ . r .' â€I l' «tH' “t In a t.“ transmitter operating near- (I .‘lH. .Hl llli' howling-J by. It y‘,†“'Ulllfl USP il \Vthl tl'all, INNâ€. ' . . . . you can eliminate this kind of in- \ nii‘n‘ - Hill on the Sillo'l‘thliNM l‘ 0" I. i . . l \ l ‘ h is the Hope" tertereiirt‘i t‘l‘itll'i‘lV. DECIDE THAT TENT nor A DWELLING Nassasau'eya Brantford Man Fined for Keeping <0'lfâ€"Ilrknii\\'|p.]i_r.i.l all] LI nor I boasted pooling-3,1. M“, “M “Hm“, (I 11 Illegal Place. “I" illllll'tl‘lllt-s‘ l. .,-. Wm - . .. . . .. . ' .‘ ‘ I their in- Mlas'lavlorof' Br .' . . . ° .lliilll,‘ to get hiiii and threatened ‘ anttolil was 1mâ€! \\ :tli shinmng those “I. ‘l , SSH and .Câ€St~“- .Wlth an “him" of LWO â€I... w â€I“ “m.†We.“ .. Int. ts mind months in police court last-week on reticulum MN. 1†(l .« }iii-.i, pith It charge of having liquor in an 11- â€Hi“ .7â€. \l i' " \. l " l'tllh‘ .“l his legal place. l‘he case aroused much i . tllll _ tnlll lil>l \\t‘t'l\.. llllt'l't‘ï¬t.. for {hp â€(\fpndant allpgn‘l Mlnnnlmml l" â€ht-“‘3'? l't'l'iit'i' .‘ltl~ lhtlt llt' had l'lf‘t‘n “1'41quin by his L'ls‘tl‘tllt' Moor-e :il Acton on t)(°f¢pln.r doctor to sleep in a hint t’llll‘in}: the -i liquor l'llll'li . l‘Itll‘lH‘s. til i to\\ llstllp. -. 'its‘t..]‘,.i-}m‘ did “H, â€PMâ€. and ,, summer months. and the till" ot SIJNM and cos month iail ti‘l'lll were imposed on (“till-W‘- ol' his illness. A. H. Bodily ll'lll Ql't-ii he should lie ali‘lii'ehelld- t’l"’-"l“‘l1l‘“l. and M- ‘V- MCI‘ZWIPII all“ ed. Since then. he returned. and l't'm't‘d for the defence. one of his amusements has been to “it†â€It the magistrate oec'i‘ion'illv lhi'kaid ' : h . . .. ‘i .s . ._ s. ° found against the defend- :(‘a-“l' "l:__fll'1'|ql\t_\«i}tfi l“ his health. He is ant. holding that. a tent was not a “"V'T 1""(t'ilieN'a'it-h'l â€Ml h" Would dwelling house within the meaning ‘_ M . .n 8 1‘0. of the Act, that. the liquor was not pop fan'pmng of Forbes’ wherc- procured legally. having been abouts, elm-1 Chapman. E. Merrit. (3. brought there by other parties and .l.i.l.l and Jack Loopep started out that. it. was not. kept in a sick room. up :i man-hunt. \Vhen Forbes saw â€"â€"â€"-.--.-â€"â€"â€" LIP!" Pinning. hn madp a dash for PIONEER OI' WILLIMSPORD the bush a short distance away. but BALE AND BEAR" AT 92 , was overhauled in M r. Christian Hoeft. aged 92, a pio- Merritt. Forbes was prom ' ' y o. .. ptly hand- , correct and brought, in. neer of VVilliamsford district. who I On his way back with the Officers, retired from farming about eight. Acting Magistrates Bunnell and t Forbes is said to have 9mm.“ that years. ago. enjoys excellent health. he has made between $50,000 and He lives outside - - , 0t W‘illiamsford â€allâ€, Si‘lllllg \"higkpy since the and goes half a mile to the post .' O. T. it. became. law. Chief Chap. ofï¬ce every day in winter and sum- ; man Will receive the 3100 reward mer despite bad weather. He cuts 5 . offered for Forbes’ capture,_my. and splits hisownwood. Be lanted } ton Advance. half an acre of corn and good it it twice. Lani mar/he pilodm come 2N «we 1.5:... ' , i. ‘ ii -. , ~ .I . . \ . “ -‘ ",r. ., 2w . t ‘- ll, ., I ’ 1.. ~ ’ " “:Tfft.wzii~e .,.'.ï¬.( .. as? 3...... 4'» 9;.: ; l " rm.- at. . ,- -‘ ts unit a six- {MUM â€WW", he contended. was be- i u .r . l . ' ,» " . o . . a4: ‘3’ '.- h '» i'. ’ ~15 ,-' ~ ‘ -'~‘ . a. - . -' ' . ' ' 3 . , . . . m . , . 3...: - a-n’v‘ï¬-w Mu .4: any» .9 “MW annular-IN. m «Iv-W uwmuau muwmw' \. 7.- 4 . All "Wt Midi†I!†been m the question of anus“ am From min; to ratio-m 1926 annual convention of Kiwanis and Ontario will attend a confer- Adjal in WhiOh Judge vmï¬lf‘"?d ' Io Empties International by afï¬rming vote of ence at Regina, Sash, toda .- Pro- that 9 executors were l' 0 0' She: “Do you know \ilnon the International Board of Kiwanis. gressive members of the ouse of their failure to renew the insurance y bottles in u... "“lt'aT‘M The dates will be June 7 to 10. " The estimated value of building and new construction in Ottawa dur- ing the first seven months of 1925 amounts to almost $4,000,000, which is a gain of approximately 82000000ed States citizen, who disappeared , , ‘ resent- the estate, which were destroyed byt $233,, gill? :tognggtuency. rep fire. The decision of the court of lie: “I can‘t say. I hif\'e 1m- Active search is still going on in appeal is, important in that it 000- my life â€0 .llontreal has been awarded the Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta Gamble, late of the township of tight an empti- twill." as cornpared with the. corresponding more than three weeks ago. Pa or: period a year ago. found among his effects in the 10V- Rev. Lrle G. Bartlett, S.J., of Mon- ernment camp at which he. was stay- treal, has been appomted rector of ing, indicated that at some. time or Loyola College. biontreal. He suc- other. he had been at Onyx, B.C. ceeds Rev. \\ i'lliam Hingsfon, 8.1., The chief of police of that place has who goes to \\ innipeg as pastor of been communicated with. St. Ignatius Church after serving as Revenue car loadings in Canada rector of Loyola for eight years. during the week ended July 25 ag-- .The rate of exchange in conniec- gregated 51.076 cars as against 51,- tion With_ shipments of freight be- 123 for the previous week and 49,- tween pomts in Canada and the 751 for the same period last year. IllltPt‘l States from August 1 to 14 None of the commodities showed incluSive, Will be tl'iirty-seconds of much change from the previous one per cent. There will be no sur- week to that under review. Coal charge on international freight or was 3,079 cars lighter than during passenger busmess. . the same week last year, while lum- To discuss preparations for the her, pulpwood and other forest pro- next Federal elections and cor-ordi- ducts and miscellaneous nation of policy, Progressives from were heavier. Specials This Week Women’s Black Kid, 1 Strap Slippers, low $1 heel, at per pairW ....... ' W en’s Black Canvas 1 Strap Slippers. . onleather sole and heel, at per pair ...... 980 60 Misses’ Strap Slippers, to clear at per pair $1.50 freight. his: city for the first time, and par-' -â€"-â€"-â€".-~<-â€"â€"_ ticiilarly to see it. from the iiiside.lNORTH BAY BECOMES as the biggest. hotel in San Fran-t THE YOUNGEST CITY risen and one of the show mansions; of the famous. Nob Hill residence Charter Presented Monday by Hon district, were utilized. Charles McCrea. . ‘Desmoiid is supported by Ann l‘ol'rest. Hilly Sullivan. also a l'ni-l North Bay on Monday was creat- \'ersal star of short features. among ed Ontario's youngest citv Hon them being "The Leather l‘iisher" Charles Mct’lrea'. Minister of \lines and “l‘he Fast. Stepper" series; for Ontario. presented the charter Stanliope \l'heatcrol't. hilly (,iillis, of incorporation in the presence 0 Slim (Iole, l‘ex Young and Frank the following guests of honor:7 I) liter. ' . \V. Beafty. president of the (Inna.- t.ole V one of the most. daring dian Pacific llailwav: Hon (ieoree i’iiofi)i'c,\'cle stunt men in the room S. Henry. action: l’reniier of‘.t'liitai'i7i' try. and a race between Desmond Hon. James Lyons. Ministerof Lands: and tlole on a. motorcycle and a train and FOI'PSIS for Hiitarioi Ii. .\. La:- iS 0"" â€f the big. promised thrills. I’lt‘l’l'f‘. M.l’.: and Harry Morel. ». Henderson’s 'â€"â€"â€".-<-â€"â€"â€" M.l’.l_’. The inaugurations was the . _ Yes, Dear . - . opening feature of North Roy's Old She (in a l_i«iii_l;."_stoi'e, : “What. is Home Week. from Aiigust 3 to 8. the latestâ€book-'1' ' . _‘ A street pageant preceded the Llerk. Its the .\ll‘lt'tlll Mveet- charter presentation on Monday heart. . . tlivic Holiday. H rhe ofoldll' :. “Ill take a copy â€"â€"_..._..___. of "l he African. please. Read the ClaSsified Ads. on Page 7. Read the Classified Ads. on Page 7, ~%___CM7%__ -â€"~ â€"â€" .. --_., for breakfast carries good cheer lhl‘olljfh the day. But do you know that it is the presence of sugar in Bread thin gives the delicate golden-brown blown: and beguiling flavor in toasting? \ GOOD BREAD baked with an extra amount of «am sugar makes perfect toast. It ("Nikos back the appetiteâ€"starts the day righ' â€"delights your family at any Illuz... $1 To wm-NaIPIO mutual: 5 "Marmara“ Aug. 18th Sept. 181: Make sure of Aug. 21 .t * -- ‘ s a room So 4th The hotelswillbecrowds pt. ed with people arriving for the Exhibition. If you intend stopping at a hotel, call up by Long Distance prompt- ly and make your re- servations. l l l f If you intend stopping with friends, telephone them and make sure they can accommodate you. They may have other arrangements. 'ro WIN-NIPEG Plus half a cent a milebeyoud toall points in Maui- tObI. Saskatchewan. Alberta,â€"Edmontou, Tennis. Ctlsary. MaCLeod and East. lotus-Ill â€"Half a cent per mile to Winnipeg. WANTED 8’... to 'uatiou GOING DATES AUGUST 18th and 213: D August “châ€"Toronto Caledon Baa ° - i Sound, Sudbury, Capl'eol and east him 121' 8:13:20â€, 00111“SWOOCI. Penetang, Midland, laII.‘ August antâ€"Toronto, Inglewood Jct. and all stations south‘and west thereof in Ontario. 9 A.M. The deï¬nite assurance of comfortable accommoda- tions waiting for you will make holiday trips doubly enjoyable. . nimble Colo-nut Cauâ€" Oll- loo ,‘M and Children M-mWthhc-mdiuut'omm v. hctherotnot , "MMhfleWuthamo:tlthauadm;l:tioml. * ' ~ : - - . . . - ~ ' ’lit in an. connecti "for. “I“ â€h m, by the â€Mum (“mum at 2:31“ yin M It 2:12.5th the Supreme CW" 0‘ 0mm“ 3““ that the we will be i;.i..,,"ttw m ’0“ “‘mm ta'ni udgmc nt. of His 3000?} poems Court of Canad' ,\ l," "to ' . Value? llama March 20. 1924. In 32mm, d ‘l‘t‘hn matter of die estate of Samuel ____________\ . . . . t 1 Com us, including Robert Poi-kc, on the buildings commune part of. 33%,. w. the Laurentides for M. Henley, Unit- m , SUIIIIR)?‘ l'\\l'-‘; ,- * l (.3 "tï¬â€˜r ' Mr. «1. i1. Classified Advertisements [1' .i--: - . CASH Wl'l‘li tilililth. - x OIIOUI‘. 'l‘t‘li'liliolie in; ~ , Suturday night . ., . - - .25 cents. tin :iL t'lill' . will he made t'Ilt‘ii _, ~ - g Mo~o~~o~-o~ l’Ic’J'ffn'.’ )1: f ’2 unyinnissor a .lAhZiLEO .Ofl‘it'e and reset. "I. p l cc Bag! Hf llt‘ ,li.’ mbtoii Sti'eez. '2 .. i am. Ull‘lt’t‘ tt' ..;,~ g p.m. (t‘kf‘wp: \ â€1.1.. SMITH, M. i... it. t; p_ g- ' Ilï¬dct‘ :H‘wl 'isti. . â€(€59 illltl l â€â€1. _. \ . ite old i’»: .. tOll a.lli.. ti; 1 , 0 run. A. M. iziti‘. (MINT “ll Lilli.» ' .“ H‘. Illltloii‘: to :) ihllL. a i‘ 0.3'. c. G. Annfliisizssn; it, 9‘. . Chiropractor... liar; . . The bt'lt‘lii'e .lii 5; (â€Ilt't‘. mel‘ l .\ ‘ â€3.1.3, Durham. Hiitai . L(£.ll ' 1'37 ,, ’ TFHIIIDDLEBRO . serum as MIDDLEBHO Barristers. smut; . i,“ Slli‘t'i‘ssiii- t. \ , . - . .\l l‘l ' ' 7~ lIl1.iIlt'tl«tllll"l llraiicn nun. Hill lw itiw ; in, _. ‘ SLUCAS o BLNM‘ lltll'l’islt‘l's ‘ . , ' . . 001' (ill the illlll '-\ Phone Hill' if f. ‘V 122’124A‘it‘li‘fll l. lohn Vt an. . I ' . . ___________..â€"â€"â€"â€"â€"â€"â€"-’__._._.._..._.. FARMS FOR SAL LOT 7. t'JvX .‘i l .9. ’ lalIllllL' MW in. -; ~ . CUltl‘CtlllHl'z to. ‘i C(i'iyeiiie't ‘ ls‘es‘ are :: lL‘lll. stone loin' . also if i\‘ lrfl' fl'it'iil; ll : ; hl'li‘l; ll' '1: . t0 ll'll2~i'. Water t:i:.‘ie;~m ' 4 t0 aciw ~ 1. 3’. . IS \Vf'll it" 0'“ ‘ 1 CUlllV'2l .. l l to \Vatsm‘ â€" l": f Ontario. I Nf'ilt'l‘ll r \'.i 9". list-en. ‘ acres V “l . t bush: ll: 4* ' ‘ " frame liu' .. ‘ conci'eti- â€3t ‘ ‘ cemt'lll lfl'm l and T. 1‘. ~ . tfllnllli.’ Hi‘ :2 -_ .. and in .mt o v ' ‘ the [ll‘t‘llll~i ~ .: . r taming sex» frame xi. .. 1“ well at .l-w' ' this farm. lint. farm. 'l‘l.i~ .: right to pr '1; ',‘.. - t‘ Iii til; in t'olol sla' bar'i Witt: sliml Tt-tv.' l S""""-“- “." . g l extension ,‘litrt, . .‘I * \VMI Willol'wl :ll‘. . ~ _ .