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c‘s surest way. The intensified of ripe. fresh fruit, combined with -buildin9: tonics, gently and Study rc natural intestinal action. Bewefl “Fruitâ€"a-tivcs”. Try a. boxâ€"25c :Oc at nil (iruzzists. 7 - d. biliuus and weary until one day a a. traveller who recommended ipn-tiws’. I procured some. You Id not know me for the same person, ; in perfect health, always energetic, I happy to congratulate you on your icine. I recommend it on every Lion.” â€"Mr. Emery Lenny, pea-fives.” overcome instigation in ‘ Fruit-a-tives” perfect health m :1 NM" York street was 1tth. It, appears that. he was fruit: f” SIIHUL {1 motor honker. {mm ,,f01_11'n'al. :ilndried Seed Corn 11:: season .pple Week 1 Thursday, May 31, 1928 alt. 59d Salt meet, per .1. bus. . . ...-a U... o..g...............-........u.uW e Turnip Seed ;~f Salt: .r and Feed ailabie 1. Purple Top Swede, (ie Turnips. ’iig . ji'ie they are plentiflll ices by the case. . .3250 1.1 Cook, buy .lt Tired Ont? No Enetgy 7 ET! :m. arrested for firing .ted ? Durham, + .23 1.10 1.10 .25 3.25 $2.25 how. 9 Let us see if we can discover \\ here the automotive future lies, by txacing the path that it. has fol- 10“ ed SO fal. It. really isn‘t fair to say that the early century had automobiles at all. even though the makers 01° them were then beginning to think of them as advanced products of the art. It had vehicles that would occasionally move without the aid of a horse, but they bore small re- semblance to the sure and silent products of today. At first they were. called quite accurately, “homeless carriages"â€"â€"mere buggies which had no Shafts but had a pc- euliar collection of machinery scitmewht‘)n~ below. Even after they outgrew this stage. they were still peculiar mntraptions. Father donnml goggles. and a peculiar gar- ment. called a duster. and climbed aboard up two or three steps, thrtmgh a door at. the back. (They couldn‘t. have doors at. the Sides, for no one had learned how to make tunlies stit’t‘ enough to keep the doors from litimping open on = the road; The engine was under the floor boards. which Father tore up for t'remient investigations. To start. the works someone would insert a long cast-iron crank into the vitals of the machinery at. the side, and turn vigorously for a spell. If the engine felt like run- ning that. «lay. there would pre- sently he a slight cough somewhere in the caverns of machinery. which would. at‘ter patient. coaxing, turn into a series ot‘ slow-spaced but devastating; explosions. If the automobile were suddenly removed from the scene today, more are few of us who would not suffer the sharpest personal inconvenience. As for American industry, it would find itself in the grip 01' a paralysis so staggering that its etfects can hardly be calcu- lated. And yet a little over thirty yo'ar’s‘ ago the automobile did not (-XiSf. and even twenty It was con- sitlmwt more a curiosity than 9. vi- tal adjunct to everyday life! I an lay no great claim to an- tiquih and the automonile is a bit 011-101 than I. but I can Iemember the automobile of the earlieI davs “1th a gxeat amusement, just. the "V‘ WHAT WILL 1938 same. The amusement lay largely in the fact that I had the small boy‘s aralor for watching things be- ing fixed. And automobiles, in the beginning of this century. were al- ways being fixedâ€"not in a modern. well-equipped scrvice station, at the owner‘s convenience, but'usuval- ly quite involuntarily on the road by the owner himself, accompanied always by a large group 01' volun- té-“l’ advice-givers. But the battle was not over. It was next necessary to get the car into gear. and ”It: wheels moving. This was no small trick. Provided however. that the clutch could be thrown in without. causing some important. part to tinkle out on the. rtmdway. Father could then ho sm-n moving 011' to the accompani- mum of squeaks. rattles, "i-oaiiings. shakings. and «flown-right concus- sions. through the thick dust kick- mt up by the thin-tired wheels on the untreated dirt. roads. A busy ('Ont'l't‘tt‘ mixer still gives a few of the» same Vibrations but by no means the same full symphony. Small wonder that the nation‘s bus- iness was still carried out with the aid of the horse, that peoole were called to the windows to look when an “automobile" went by, and that. most peoMe. except for 'a' few rich and adventurous souls, said: "I wouldn‘t. ride in one of those. nasty. smelly things. Give me the good ’Olt’l horse and carriage every time." That kind of remark is only twenty years old, Since. those days the progress of automobile manu- farturers has been nothing short of amazin": every year has seen pro- gress sufficiently rapid to make any automobile seem hopelessly out of date in five years. And we may be sure that the marvels that are in store in the next few years will certainly, by 1938, make even the fine productions of today seem ab- surdly crude and old-fashioned. ' More Wonders on the Way Since the establishment of the basic principle of the automobile on a sound basis. most experts list four great improvements. They are: ' l. The self-starter ‘3. The closed body 3. The balloon tire 4. Four-wheel brakes The self-starter first appeared about 1912. and was adopted with- in the next few years by the entire industry. The closed body was an early devlopment, but universal preference for it did not make it- self felt until about 1920. As for the balloon tire, it is as recent as 1924. and the four-wheel brake system, which only this year be- came universal. dates no earlier than 1924, alth0ugh Europe knew it earlier. . a. __ m 1. (“LIILLO Well then. you ask, what next? Is the revolutionary stage over, and shall we see nothing but refin- ements like air washers, oil filters and gas cleaners, or rubber insul- ation of engines from frames, .and new and striking color combina- tions? To these questions, I have found, among men whose busineess it is to know. is an emphatic “No!” An- other revolution is on the way, and it will be headed by one of the most spectacular developments yet re- corded. 1L- l UL [1011. Automobiles, some time in the future, will change to front-wiles} 'n-1-l_ 1" This change is inevitable. It is drive. just as sure as the almanac, and there is not a manufacturer today who does not know it, and.is not preparing for it. Five reasons com- bine to make the front-wheel-drive automobile the inevitable one of the future: It will be safer It W111 be faster (Continued from Thursday, May 31, 1928 It will be lighter It Will be cheaper It will be lower The present rear-wheel drive, to which we are so well accustomed, 18, after all, little better than a compromise. As soon as automo- biles took their present form it was generally recognized that power should be applied as close as pos- sible to the point at which it was generated. The problem that has hitherto stuck the engineers in th industry is how to transmit the power from the engine to a set of wheels that must be tIirned through an angle as large as forty- five degrees to permit steering. without in any way interfering with either power or steering. It was a similar problem which four- wheel brake designers met and overcame only a few years ago. For the front-wheel drive, the problem is more difficult, but it is close to being solved now. A few actual front-wheel cars do exist, as test cars. and it cannot be long now before the first commercial model. appears. Within five years from] the time this happens. rear-wheel-i drive cars will be as funny as a 1902 Pepe or Stanley. - Similar reasons will make the new drive faster. Less distance for the transmission of power to wheels will mean less friction, greater eiâ€" flciency, and consequently more ef- fective power applied to the wheels. Lightness WIII be obtain- ed by the elimination or modifica- tion of the conventional 'combina- tion of universal joints, torque tubes, propeller shafts, different- ials, etc" that. we know now. As for cheapness, that it a corollary of what has rirone before. and astute manufiacturers may be counted on to make the most Of it. The front-wheel drive will be safer because it will eliminate a great many of the accidents caused by skidding. The rear axle of the future automobile “ill have as its duties only the earning 01‘ xx eight and brakes. The last point. 1011 nes s, will have interesting effects. It “ill contri- bute to safetx. of course. since the loner the center oi graVity of a car, the greater its road ability, and the less inclined it is to over- turn. The rear end is the one present obstacle :to a lower center of gravity. deSpite many ingenious alterations that have already been made in it. Good roads. free from bumps and craters. make possible a to“ er center 111 graxity than previously thought possible, but with the elimination of the old rear end. new 1’1ossibilities will present themselves. Appearance will change radically. Front-WI1eel-drive cars “in cair} the steam- line principle to more daring lengths than are now thought possible. and will pre- sent a t01ped0- like appearance that will be both striking and hand- some. Radical as all these changes may be, they are not the only ones. We have predicted that body shapes and designs will change. Along. with these changes will come still anntlwi': the intI'OL’luction 01' new ideas in body design and construc- Ion. A recent automobile show witâ€" nessed the introduction of some of tho most beautiful body and color designs imaginable. but the future holds even more. Not only the finish of bodies, but their slructure, is due for alter- ation. Manufacturers are evenly divided just now on the merits of steel and wood bodies. Steel, says one group, is the only safe material for body construction, the only material that. will protect the occu- pants of a car in collisions. No. it” isn‘t. another group responds. Most accidents would not be serlous, save for the splintering of glass in the windshield,_ and a _flexible_ or DOD-S l‘ialâ€"t'é'rin'g glass, * such as “Tri- New Body Lines plex,” which the Ford now uses, is the best answer as to safety. Further research is necessary . to produce it even more cheaply. Meanwhile, they continue, the steel body is nms ', and telegraphs engine sounds a1 over the car. And it is much heavier. The answer, they contend, to the ques- tiOn of correct body building isa steel frame with wooden panels. Who is right? ‘It is difl‘icult to say, and perhaps both are wrong. Already, in Europe, a new type of body known' as the “Weymann” seems likely to revolutionize conâ€" struction here. The Weymann body is flexible: unlike any other, it is made of wooden parts hinged together and covered with fabric, so that the body actually sways about, (imperceptibly, of course) and deadens the sound of moving parts. Naturally it has small re- sistance to destruction, but the body of a car is seldom called upon to withstand great loads unless it turns turtle, and when it. does no one is going to feel very comfortâ€" able anyway. If you are planning to go over NiagaraFalls, it makes little difference whether you go in a steel cask or a burlap bag. Engines of the Future What about engines? We shall see great changes there, too. En- gines axie smaller than they used to be. but infinitely more powerful. For every five or ten pounds of their own weight, they now devel- Op 6. full horse power. Imagine something the weight of a heavy candy box that can develop the power of-a horseâ€"or more, for no horse is capable of exerting a theoretical ”horse power” contin- uously. Nothing better illustrates the extraordinary application of engineering brains to the‘automo- bile than does this. - Engines run at higher speed, now. Theaverage has risen in the last few years from two thousand to four thousand revolutions 1191 minute. and VVill probablv go high- er. Cempressions (that is, the. pressme in the cylinder just be- fore the explosion takes place) are higher. and \Vill rise Spectacularly in the next, ten V'eais. High compressions add greatl3 to the et't'icienC3 of an automobile engine, but they ha3e not hither- to been possible because of knock- ing in the cylinder. Knocking is the result. of a detonation in the engine, and means that a shattering explosive wave is striking against the piston and the cylinder walls. In some way that is still very im- perfectly understood (although scientists are busy putting quartz windows into cylinders, and photo- graphing the flames inside) a sub- stance known as lead tetraethyl prevents this and immediately makes possible the redesign of the engine head to permit higher com- pressions. The Chrysler “redâ€" head” engine is the first example of an engine designed to operate exclu- sively 011 the new gas. It is a great forward step, but it cannot be operated unless a constant sup- ply ot‘ ethyl gas is available. Hud- son and Essex, to name only two others, ha3e compromised and produced a much higher compres- sion engine. 33hich 33'ill, 11033ever. run well 33ith ordinary fuel. The greatest engine changes will not come, however, until ethyl gas is a universal fuelâ€"a development probably not much more than five years away. Engines, weight for Ford Sales and Service Our Expert Tire When we RESTORE LOST MILEAGE in one of your injured tiresâ€"which we guarantee to do in every repair we makeâ€" we save you real money. only, afi'ord you an opportunity to get the mileage you paid for origin ally. LET US PROLONG THE LIFE OF YOUR TIRES! You Money and Miles ~ SMITH BROS; ' THE DURHAM CHRONICLE At the present time the great de- mand Of the motoring pliblic is for safety and its corollary, ease of control. The public quite rightly takes for granted that all automo- biles are good ones, that they have power, pickup and speed. Ac- cordingly, progressive manufac- turers are stressing more and more the element of safety. Four-wheel brakes were one of the first indi- cations of this trend. Recently Chandler announced one of the first applications of an even newer principleâ€"applied rfor some time to heavy trucks and busses. but new to passenger cars,â€"-the vacuum brake. Here is a development. which adds materially to the ease of driving. Brawn is no longer necessary to stop a car. The vac- uum brake makes use of the vac.- uum in the intake manifold, which it highest when the carburetor throttle is closed. By varying the. size of piston used to contract the brake hands. a wide variation in range of power available may be obtained. And if the engine stalls. direct connection will still apply the brakes mechanically. weight~ will giveeconomical power and acceleration far beyond the present. And we should look too for a. wider and wider application of the sleeve-valve principle, Wthh the Willy's-Knight engine now uses. Some time within the next. ten years we shall without doubt chronicle the passing of the gear- shift; lever. The automobile of the future will probably be controlled with only one lever or pedal. Several new control systems to make the shifting of gears unnec- essary, are in the laboratory stage now, and as soon as they have. been made sufficiently reliable to justify installation. the country will ring with the tidings of another great advance in engineering. ’ The “servo-brake” falls into the same classification. and is bound to have a wide application. It c011- sists of a drum \1 1th a surrounding band, mounted on the propellei shaft. When the d1ixe1 depresses the footbrake. he tightens the band around the spinning drum, and the band immediately tries to turn with the drum. This turning force activates a set of lovers which applv the hi akes The drix er need exoit onl} the lighcst pres sum, and the eneign ol the car itself it util- ized to stop it. A gear shift is necessary 011 an automobile because a characteristic of the gasoline internal-combustion engine is a very poor torque. or turning power. when the motor runs at lov speed. The function of the gear shitt is to permit the mo- tor to run at fairly high speed without impelling the gear wheels at the same rate Engineers haw, long been studying the problem of making these adjustments without botherlng the drixer, and they are beginning now to haxe something to show for their pa111s.A1readv many busses no longez carry a gem shift, since the old transmis- sion has be1n replaced by the “gas electric drive”. The gasoline motor turns at an almost uniform rate and (ll‘iVOS a dynamo which supâ€" plies current to motors mounted on the. rear axle. The drixer varies the speed of the bus by controlling the amount of current which the Good-by, the Gear Shift Feather-weight. Brakes Durham It is not. likely, however, that this system. will ever find much favor for light passenger cars. It is efficient, end provujes very com- jlortable riding qualities, but it is too heavy. and too bulky for smaller cars. - dy‘na‘mo delivers to the motors. Three or four patents already exist covering devices which 'vsill permit an infinitely variable sys- tem of transmission. One of the most ingenuous is known after its inventor as the “De Lervaud” and has been applied experimentally to a number of European cars. More recently a car of De Lerx auds oxxn manufacture has carried it. The dexice makes use of a “vs ohble” 01 “swash” plate which makes. with the propellei shaft. an angle auâ€" tomatically contiolled by a spring"- From the wobble- plate. rods extend to the rear axle. and me connected to it there by ratchets. The inclinâ€" ation of the wobble plate depends. upon the t01que needed, and the amount of inclination gmerns tl_11 stroke of the rods. and thus. in turn, the amount of tmnin: ot the rear axle. ‘Invention. you will see, is no longer at the whim of eccentric geniuses. Toady we produce mater- ial progress in this country, with all the power and resources of groups of trained men. working under the direction of a great scientific administrator. The auto- motive industry is a magnificent example of the application of scientific brains to practical ends- livery year. save those in which the war upset all caiculcations, it has given us a little more for our money, and charged us a little bit less. The story of the gigantic factories in which production ex- perts work their marvels of econ- omy and efficiency is just as fas- What Next? cinating as the record of things to come, but it must wait for another time. . Meanwhile we may rest se- cure in the knowledge that this brief catalogue does not include more than a tenth of the changes which the next fewdecades will produce. Many new developments are absolutely unpredictable at the moment. for the bases updn which they will rest have not yet been discovered. 1 But we know they will come: Somewhere, .perhaps this very day, a patient scientist lS puzzli over a fact that Will not fit into liS calculations; perhaps he wonders why a solution is a certain color. or an ammoter gives a lower value than it should. And perhaps when he finds out he will » have founded a new industry. or reor- pa‘nized an old one. So runs inven- tion. handmaid of_ modern life. When a man who is not used to the woods lights a match and later throws it on the ground. he ex- pects it. to go out. But when an experienced woodman is through with his match it. is out. He does not leave it to expectation. He knows. A pail of water costs nothing in Canada as a rule but the trouble of dipping it. up. Put out your (ramp live and help save Canada’s diminishing forests. Twelve mil- lion dollars worth of timber is being burnt up ex'ery year simply for lack of a few pails of water at tho. pmper time. COME TO THE EUCHRE PARTY at \Villiamsford, Thursday night, June 7. Durham orchestra. Aus- picos Dornoch Catholic Women’s League. More and more girls are in loye mm the great outdoors to avoxd the great Indoors. FORESTRY NOTES 1. .H‘ a a.“ R .M. RAGE 5.