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SOME EARLY MEDICAL PRACTITIONERS I.\' L'. CANADA men came in from time to time. but not being able to cover the ground. there appeared a regular flood of un- qualified men, practising and deceiving people by the most arrant quackery and they increased to such an extent that it became necessary to protect the cttlers from impostors. (Continued from Page 1: my points along the frontier. from lontreal to Detroit. Other medica! men came in from time to time. but not being able to cover the ground. While Toronto was still Muddy York. in 1788, the first steps were taken to regulate medical practice by an Act wed in the British Parliament. pre- venting any person from practice until My had obtained a license from the PAGE 8. in-Chief. who appointed some person to examine and report on the fitness of applicants. A medical Board. under the chairmanship of Dr. James Mac- auley, was formed about 1799, but did not meet very regularly; and a proper check could not be held“ on unqualified practitioners. and medicine fell into such a condition that we find Bishop Strachan saying, “the Province is over- run with selt-made physicians who have no pretension to knowledge of any kind. " Governor or the Military Commander- The capital was removed from Ne- wark or Niagara to York, and the York General Hospital was founded during the war of 1812. afterwards becoming Toronto General Hospital. A new Medical Act was passed in 1815, and Another of Rolph's students was Dr. John Barnhart. who practised for a time in Streetsville and afterwards re- moved to Owen Sound. and in associa- tion with his brother. “Dr. Charley". as he was familiarly known by everybody. carried on an extensive practice. There was a great disparity between the ages of the brothers. and they were generally thought to be father and son. They were also very much unlike. John was the. very personification of a dig- nified gentleman of the old school. and Charley was a hail fellow well met, with a keen sense of humor, very popular. and a thoroughly efficient doctor. as I have reason to know, hav- ing met him professionally in my early days. They tell a story that on an occasion when he was attending the the wonderful gift which he possessed as a teacher. fitted them to pass their examinations; and some of them be- came leaders. as witness the names of H. H. Wright. and James H. Richard- son. who were both professors in the University in my student days. Dr. Ralph had also graduated in law and was a member of the Inner Temple in London. and it was no unusual sight to see him enter Court carrying his saddle bags with his legal briefs and documents on one side and his instru- ments and drugs on the other. After pleading the case of his client he would walk out and mount his horse and ride away to visit his patients. He was three times elected to Parliament, was an Alderman of the city of Toronto. and would have been first Mayor. but was set aside for William Lyon Mac- kenzie. who secured that coveted honor. For his connection with the rebels 01' 1837 he was obliged to flee the country. being assisted in his; flight by his stud- ent. H. H. Wright. who brought his horse and saddle for him. and he rode on horseback to Niagara. crossed to the United States and practised for five years in Rochester. where he was followed by Wright and Richardson. to continue their studies. When a general amnesty was proclaimed. he returned and resumed practice. founded what was known as Rolph's School. after- wards incorporated as the Medical De- partment of Victoria University, and it was at this school I first entered as a student. when Dr William Canifl, of United Empire Loyalist descent, was dean of the faculty and professor of surgery. There were three medical schools in Toronto at that time, and Victoria became merged with the To- ronto school during my first session. Each session. Dr. Richardson. on the request of the students. delivered a lec- ture on the Darwin Theory, and would become so excited and work himself into such a passion in his denunciation of Darwinism. that I fear he would have laid violent hands on Darwin if he could have got hold of him. The doctor was possessed of a most fiery temper, but was a most kindly gentle- man and very pOpular with the students. On one occasion. when a man was to be hanged at the Don jail for murder, and being naturally anxious to witness the execution, I secured entrance as a reporter, and being recognized by Dr. Richardson. who was jail surgeon, he commanded me to make the usual post-mortem examination and asked me‘ to carry the brain away to the college for his use in lecturing on ana- tomy. Of course I had to steal it, and, wrapping it in a towel, carried it under my coat. As this occurred over fifty years ago, I presume the statute of limitations will free me from a charge of larceny. at that time there were less than forty qualified medical men in the whole of Upper Canada. In 1918 a new Act was again passed and a regular Board ap- pointed. consisting of Drs. Macauley. Widrner. Lyons and Powell, who held regular meetings every three months and passed on candidates who appear- ed before them. Dr. John Rolph. a name well remem- bered by laymen as well as the medical profession, appeared on the Board in the early thirties. and although there was not then any teaching school. he took into his home a number of young men as apprentices. and. with About 1799 general inoculation for smallpox was carried on. and numbers of deaths occurred as a result of the severe after-effects of this heroic treat- ment before vaccination became gener- al. The names of James Macauley and Christopher Widmer (whose portrait hangs in the General Hospital) are yet remembered as outstanding members of the profession. and who were identi- fied with the formation of the ho'spit- al and did so much to raise the stand- ard of the profession. My student days in Toronto belong to the second half of the nineteenth century. The names most familiar to me were. Dr. William Clarke, of Guelph, father of the late Lieutenant-Governor. Lionel G. Clarke. Dr. Covernton, Dr. Grassett, Dr. Hodder. Dr. Geikie, Dr. Strange. Dr. Wm. Canniff. Dr. J. E. Graham. Dr. W. T. Aikins, Dr. Old- wright. the two Ogdens. who were all distinguished in their several lines; but many must be passed over. Dr. “Tommy Aikins." as he was at- fectionately called by the students, was the outstanding surgeon in the seven- ties. and. in addition to his professional skill. was a high minded Christian gentleman. I remember one occasion when he came in to lecture. he took out of his bag a Bible and after read- ing a chapter. delivered to us one of the most eloquent and impressive ser- mons I ever heard. I have no doubt the students of those days needed some fatherly advice. and certainly got it tha; day. Any Time is the Right Time to see LILAC TIME JULY 4-5-6 Star Theatre THE DURHAM CHRONICLE Mr. and Mrs. A. J. Cresswell and son visited friends on_ this lige _l§.st quek. South Bentinck (Our Own Correspondent) Mr. Fred Corbett of Detroit is spend- ing a few days with his mother, Mrs. A. Corbett. We are glad to see Mr. William Derby. Sr., able to be around again after being so sick. Mr. and Mrs. Andrew Marshall spent Sunday with her parents. Mr. and Mrs. John Milligan. Mr and Mrs. Lorne Smith. Mount Forest visited Mr. and Mrs. Wm. Derby recently. _ _ vvâ€"'-__ Mr. Wilfred Parke is ill in Durham hospital. Hope he will soon be able to be out again; .- 'Mrs. J5mes McRonald and son James of Durham spent a few days last week with Mr. and Mrs. Norman McRonald. The Allan Park Wowen’s Institute will meet at the home of Mrs. Alex. Grierson on Wednesday. June 12th. ”'Wé' were pleased to see that. J. D. Brown's name was among the winners in Hanover's relay team. Congratula- tions ! - (Our Own Correspondent) Miss Annastatia Horrigan spent. the week-end in Toronto. wife of a Highland piper named Camp- bell, he called the father to get out his pipes and play "The Campbells are Coming”, and the child was heralded into the world to the strains of that martial music. In a short time he called on him again to repeat the tune. and another child was born, making it twins; but the piper said that was enough and refused to play any more. fearing the results. One of the outstanding surgeons in a country district is Dr. Andrew Groves, of Fergus. who was one of the first. if not the first. Canadian to do an ovariotomy. and appendectomies without number. He was very original in his ideas, and was about the first to recognize the sterilizing effects of boiling water on his instruments and dressings. There was no distance too great. no road too bad. nor no night too dark to prevent him from respond- ing to any call, and he enjoyed a very M..- .L‘ A- ""7 When I was a student there were only two specialists that I can recallâ€" Dr. Reeve and Dr. Roseboroughâ€"but this is the age of specialization. and the old-fashioned country practitioner. the family doctor. is becoming a thing of the past. Perhaps this is to the public advantage. but I believe the general practitioner. who was depend- ent on his own resources. developed along broader lines and became more self-reliant than his city confrere who Owing to the funeral of the late Edwin McClocklin of Durham being held on Tuesday. the play “Mother Mine" was postponed until Friday. June 14th. A member of the caste is a’ nephew of the deceased and this was the reason for again changing the date. Mr. Russell Fiddes visited on Sun- day at the home of Mr. and Mrs. Edgar Boyce. Miss Blanche Boyce and Mr. N. Ritchie spent Sunday at the former’s home. day Mr. George Pilgrim of the London Police Force visited friends in this community recently and attended church service in the local church last Sunday. A -.-_I -I -COU vv wâ€"â€"U large consulting and surgical practice extending over the counties of Wei- lington, Grey, Bruce, Huron and Duf- ferin. and many capital operations were performed by him with no better light than coal oil lamps. and even with tallow candles. Some years ago I had the honor of presiding at a complimentary banquet given him, and at which over fifty doctors sat down. on the fiftieth anniversary of his com- mencing practice in Fergus. and it was fully expected he would take the op- portunity to announce his retirement from practice; but he is still “going strong", and bids fair to challenge the long distance record set by Methuselah. __ _-‘_- Crawford (Ou-r Own Correspondent) The date of the Crawford garden party is July 2nd. Please keep this date in mind. Mr. and Mrs. John Matheson and family of Southampton were Sunday ylisitors with Mrs. Anderson and iam- iy. - Mrs. W. Runnigs. Sr., Mr. and Mrs. W. Runnings. Jr.. and daughter. Miss Marjorie of Dornoch were the guests of Mr. and Mrs. John White on Sun- wv-â€" â€" "â€"â€"-_ has all the advantages of hospitals, trained assistants, gradute nurses and the best and. latest in surgical instru- ments and appliances. In my early days. when I started with a horse and saddle as my only assets, and bought on credit, having a friend who was such an “easy mark" as to take my note for them. I have the most vivid recollec- tion of doing a craniotomy with a pair of sheep shears. with no assistance. In the case of fractures it was the usual thing to select a nice straight cedar fence rail, split it with an axe. and trim it into shape for a splint with same vas_ that of others of the ordinary country practitioners, and many of them could recount their experiences in better and more attractive form than I have been able to do. a jack-knife. and, strange to say, the patients as a rule made just as satis- factory a recovery as they do now. The country doctor occupied a unique posi- tion. He was regarded as a friend of the family and was often called in to discuss and advise in regard to family matters quite outside of his profession. He was expected to be prepared to draw wills. and I think I can safely say I have drawn hundreds of them and they have always passed muster in the Courts, although devoid of the usual legal terms and technicalities. No doubt my experience has been the Most of the farmers have finished Five Cents per Game Tourist Home Tomlo St. South J. LAWSON MARKDALE ONT. Putting Green Two Courses GOLF! Calderwood GALVANIZED It is 30 times more eifective than pure carbolic acid as a germ kxl'm It is splendid in cases of eczema. It is a perspiration deodorant. It is a good shampoo. Removes dandruff and cleanses the scaly It is particularly effective for pimples. blackheads and other slum aflectionc. STORE NEWS A good soap worthy of special attention. V U‘.|‘U..' -‘v- v-â€" â€"â€" i Smith. Hanover. spent the NEKO GERMICIDAL SOAP LA REVE NOTE PAPER Envelopes beautifully innerlined Regular 75c. value for 59¢. Price 25c. kltr‘x ____ Mrs: Henry Hilgartenm'. Aw: “34“}?"oeorge Miller mum ‘ ‘31:; brother, Herman. in the Mount Foresf hospital on Sunday and found hm: re. covering from his recent operation very well. week-end at their 11me here TM W Sitting m u W110!“ Stoneouw («bit he WIS not askuu' m be mowd 1m :. not location somr m It was a frame bum; uhod It up with mm m the Councxl ~‘. mule him brick n 'X‘; 3 net! hardship on x. but the Council saw. v m in the matu-r house inside ”11‘ .m . would have n m Couppil stated. ; \ would not raw he Md been uqu: by!“ othex cum: I cite numerous \ smacks had hm W‘thOUt the 1101.70- “. md 01 03! houses had Dem; t wholly of bnck nroot roofing, H {m that he 81 led to adhen m 0. ”Vifiiflfl ( ‘1'.“ d | W on Moudm \Ir (“Mi ”(9‘ in \pmmq \.-\1 myor Mun mg of the C01 of the Court muntcation 0! $111013 0: m awed may” Gnafraxa : “‘00 tv $1. Fund paid 4 balance \Vou the town a The annual was quite 6 was done n The matm year was am. Council. and 19: very bad H mm to 011 m as (hf? Werv paxemem 2W discussiprl a0 8W1 W1". 1" would be m u in progress. A main street 10 bound tramr days when ‘ mung 310:1 town area. aw necessary w U gate: was an V would m 3.. The 89903 the purpose corrt'tspondm 3nd which )- tormer rem!“ HANOVEI‘ I“ Wallace 1 prize of $1 contest helc ertml“ ' Achewn 01 venson W md stat material- pubhc .~ were 81 the aua stroml mam am leshe HON. G NM K" rider he I H(