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mential for ieeding all kinds of live stock. taking the place 01 green grass in the ration long after the season for grass is; over. Com is planted any time after danger of frost Ls: passed. Mangels ehould be put in fairly early so that the reed will have the early moisture. Turnip‘; are not planted before the uisersfor loss through diseases in A prominent authority has estimat- d that twenty-six million dollars is the gar. Most of this loss is caused by in- ternal parasites and much of this k; mentable. A good deal of it can be Cm WWeeds The provincial authorities are leaving no stone unturned in their campaign minst weeds. Many of the highways have the usual prolinc crops along the ides of the road. Some of the terms: throughout the country nave crops of weeds which will soon be ripening and spending their seeds to the four winds. ulinquents in this respect will be given an opportunity to explain the reason (or their contempt of the law w: won as the weed inspector makes his should be put in iairly early so that W ' part of the season. the fruit is not like- Wd will have the early moisture. 1y to set well. If there is a short 0 Turnips are not planted before the of moisture during the summer nd ”003d week in June 3“"- may 8" “‘- autumn the fruit will notesize up well until about July 19. If planted tOO early and. if the 801‘. is dry when the winter they are liable to become ”“31“ and lsets in. the danger from root-killing is: make 199“ palatable feed than those omuch greater. hence the importance of which make most 0‘ their growth “‘- gccnserving moisture when there is any early fall. inkenhocd or there being 2. shortage. What is known as the sod mulch system Low W 9’ Liability of orchard management is an excellent The dairyman. and for that matter lconserver of moisture. Grass is me owner of any class of live stock. has 'sprear' over the trees. preventing the «rough, to contend with without put- growth of weeds and grass and saving lng up with a bunch of low producers. the moisture. voided by keeping the young chlcln may from the adult birds and. on ab olutely clear. 'son. Low W 2. Liability The dairyman. and for that matte: (o the owner of any class of live stock. ha. mough, to congend _witi~._without put- lng up with a bunch of low producers. The burden of the low producer 1". tel; most in time of teed scarcity and low price of dairy products. She is a lia'oil~ fly. but yet it is rather difficult for the dairyman to make up his mind to send her to the block and take hit: loss. This question of keeping records of V'- ;ithout number. and yet many low woducers continue to occupy a stall and consume as much feed as its stablexnate which the records prove has returned. a substantial prom over the cost of feed and labor. . Buckwheat Very Useful In speaking about weed control it 1': I good plan to put in rape or buckwheat two crops that can go in right up to the middle of duty. _ The first namedl _ __L1‘- PAGE 6. fly. but yet it is rather dinfcfilfiéffiia OntariO’s alfalfa fields have emer- dairyman to make up his mind to send enced some hard knocks during the her to the block and take his: loss. ‘past twelve monthS. Last summer’s This question of keeping records of .drought permitted only sparse growth. milk. cost of feed. and getting rid of an”- alternate freezing and thawing poor cows has been discussed time". early this spring caused some serious . heaving of the plants especially on the without number. and yet many low woducers continue to occupy a stall and heavier soils. But hard luck nas ricvcr o , . permanently discouraged an intel.igent consume as much feed as its stablematc , which the records prove has returned. IOntario farmer. Actual tests conducted under the direction of the O.A.C. on]- a substantial profit over the cost of feed lege show hO'V weakened floe‘js can be and labor. . ihelped. Six alfalfa growers in West- Bnckwheat Very Useful ern Ontario top-dressed their, alfalfa In speaking about weed control it is fields last summer with fertiltz‘..s high in potash and phosphate and secured a good plan to put in rape or buckwheat gains of 1360 lbs. to 8940 lbs. of green N th t an o in ht u to a: giggle of“?! 81m ”flat nagned. lcrop per acre. Of course soil must ‘be makes a splendid sheep pasture while well drained if it is to grow 80"“ mf- ‘alfa year after year and generally it me latter of course is unexcelled as a ' ’ nshould be limed one ton to the acre rgizamuég 13:1??fifl3‘01? 2;: :3? ' once in four years so as v.0 keep condi- p - - 3. ._ ' tion': favorable for alfalfa growth. "ICU U1 uau’ ylwuvw. w" . - ‘ i woducevnet' feed min. Both can also It plowed under (or enriching the soil. Buckwheat is one of the mos't populnr crops to sow in the orchard about the. first of July. controlling the weeds. and surplus moisture and furnishing splen- did feed and. run for poultry and hogs. WarnWeather Helpful Continued warm bright weather dur- ing the first two weeks of May did much to improve the appearance of alfalfa. clover and fall wheat. and new seeding recovered to some extent. {ccording to reports coming in from all carts of the province. There were many flops plowed under this spring. but many farmers reported that new seed- mg which they had intended to plow under. made wonderful recovery during early May. Many sections reported that the land ha". never worked better than during the present month of seeding. Commercial Fertilizer, : More and more fertilizer is being; used in Ontario because our land ha'z; Still Tinn- 90 Plant There is still plenty of time to get NEWS AND INFORMATION FOR THE BUSY F ARMER WWGmeUM Pose] Farm.Alnsk.8uk., shares the honor with William Hudson of M in being the first entnnt to the canpetitive classes of the World's Grain Exhibition “mehmatmmlm.mmmdmmWM'PlchmNo.1 Mthohrln‘homcolln.undmnnduuon,whilexo.abnvieVotthecrovenndcudensmi-mnmdinc mm,m.mmmwuemmmmmmmtommmo m.m~. § MW]..- been depleted of plant foods and also 'hnoiicn fat-ma" om mflssnllvr innm‘nrn (Furnished by the Ontario Department of Agriculture) FIRST CANADIAN ENTRANT TO THE WORLD'S GRAIN EXHIBITION _ ’ because farmers are gradually learning 9 ' more about the use of fertilizers. Con- y ' siderable study must be given the sub- . lject or fertilizers before the best results .t lean be obtained. Good drainage, good - ltillage, good seed and good cultural .; ‘methodr. are all. necessary before fer- Z, ' tilizers can be expected to make pro- :*fltable returns. Pr0perly used. oom- merclal fertilizers will usually give L lsplendid results, lower the cost of pro- !ducticr. and increase farm returns. An adequate supply of moisture in the orchard is of great importance in the growing of a good crop of fruit. 11’ the son is low in moisture in the early Speaking in Saskatchewan recently. Hon. John Bracken. Premier of Man- itoba. declared that an increase of one bushel per acre. which could be easily obtained ti only the most casual atten~ tion were paid to the seed, would add to the value of Saskatchewan’s grain Saskatchewan. alone. where perhaps more attention must be paid to tho sewing of clean seed. but also to Ontar- ic. Think what that thirty millions of dollars would mean to Ontario’s farm product: this year! A ‘ The cornerstone for the new Admin- istration Building and Students' Resid- ence at the Ontario Agricultural Col- lege Guelph. Ontario will. be laid on the afternoon of May 23rd by the Piime Minister of the province the Hon. 0 Howard Ferguson. The cornerstone exercises will. follow the convocation for graduates. in agri- culture. which will be held in Memorial. Hall and. at. which time degrees will br conferred by Sir William Mulock. Chancellor of University of Toronto. Sir Robert Felconer. President of the University: Hon. 0 S. Henry. Minister of Public Works: Hon. .3. S. Martin. Minister of Agriculture; Hon. Lincoln Goldie. Provincial Secretary. and other representatives of the Govern- ment and associated institutions will be present. The alumni of the institution will also attend and take part in the Fm”. Need-z Moisture One 3113th Per Acre Will Lay Cornerstone Help the Alfalfa 5 Miss MacPHAIL: I do not know iabout that. We shall learn that after lthe election. As regards 'the bean growers, someone who represents a 'bean-growing constituency and is a government supporter can make a splendid. speech about what care the government is taking of that particular lindustry. The dairy farmers through- ‘out Canada are to be pleased. by the abrogation of the New Zealand treaty rand the women are to be made happy {by cheap tea and dishes. What I want ,to ask the Liberal party is this: Do they ithink that public confidence is won lby a budget like that after all the talk that we have heard about the Liberan being a low tariff party and all the 'pleadings that we have heard on the hustings in the years gone by to come into the Liberal camp and not divide the low tarifl forces? The thing that I have been asking myself since this de- bate began on the lst of May is, where are the low tariff Liberals? Miss Macphail’s ' Speech on the Budget the votes, it will certainly disappoint its parents. It is a budget that can be easily picked to pieces. Some parts of it look very attractive to certain sec- tions of Canada. For instance. one can imagine supporters of the government waxing eloquent in the east on the iron and steel protection; in the west they could make a very good speech on the British preference. both what is real. and a larger portion of it that is only apparent The protection on vegetables and fruit will go well. in British-Colum- bia and. in spite of the SpeeChes that we had this afternoon. though it may be that they would like best to have the Conservatives bring down the protec- tionist policy. In the Niagara district the same protection on fruits and veg- etables will', I suppose. sound well to the ears of those who want it. Miss AGNES MACPHAIL (Southeast Grey): Mr. Speaker, the few remarks that I intend to make should really not be dignified by the name of address or speech. but I felt that one could nct vote for or against the budget without saying something about it. a mat- ter of fact, one vote on this budget is no good," one would need nalf a dozen votes in any case. It is impossible with one vote to say whether one is in favor of or against a budget that ranges all the way from A.to Z, from black to white or white to black, whichever way you wish to take it. The budget brought down by the Minister of Finance (Mr. Dunning) on the first of May is quite clearly design- ed to catch votes; - I would can it a vote-getting budget. If it does not get Mr. CHAPLIN: “It will not get the Liberal party .any votes. Miss MACPHAIL: “I am not a Pro- gressive. I am a United Farmer, and I am low tariff. Has the severity of party discipline silenced every one of the low tariff Liberals? I can just imagine some of the sage old Liberah in the countryâ€"there are still a few of them in my county and in othersâ€"ask- ing themselves. where is the Liberal party going? I had difficulty enough to tell one of the major parties: from the other before the lst of May. but now I find it quite impossible. They are just two groups of friends divided by the green carpet. one sitting to the right of the Speaker and the other to the left. If the great betrayal. of Liber- alism war. begun in 1896. I would say that it was: completed‘in 1930. I am a member of an economic group. I was elected as a United Farmer and I did not change my name after I was elected-- Some h'on. MEMBERS: Oh. oh. Miss: MACPHAIL: I am willing as a member of an economic ‘group to change my position on the tariff at any Mr. THORSON: Where are the low tariff Progressives? ceremonies. May 23rd will be 9 red letter day in the histcry of the Ontario Agricultural College. and it is hoped that. a large number of friends throughout the province win attend. THE DURHAM CHRONICLE time if I believe that changiné my position will make things better for tho pe0ple whom I represent. I think that rthatisasoundposltion. Itistheone that I have always taken; I have not changed. But I do not believe that pro- tection will benefit agriculture. and I shall deal with that more fully in a Agriculture is in a bad way: this year. It 'm in my county, and I suppose it is throughout Canada. If we could protect agriculture so that it would get back some of the money it has to pay out for the protection of other industries 1 would be ever so Willing to do it. but I do not see how it is to be done. Take, for instance, the fat mer in my riding in Southeast Grey. By the time he has paid for protection on iron and steel, on fruits and vegetables. beans, to speak only of the proteCtion afforded by this budget, suppose he gets protection on his butter and eggs, and suppose that that protection works in the direction of raising the prices of his butter and eggs, how high would those prices have to be raised in order to reimburse him for the amount that UMJ yvvy-v eggs would have to be raised very highf indeed before the farmers in my con- stituency would be benefited by the budget of’ this year. After all I repre-. sent them, and for that reason I am not enamoured of the budget. I would say that the eggs coming from British Col- umbia have more to do with the break- ing of the price of eggs in Ontario than the eggs coming from any place out- side of Canada, so if the government is going to do something for Ontario in regard to eggs, it will have to get this magic tariff to work inside Canada and. keep British Columbia eggs at home. The New Zealand trade agreement is to be abrogated in October of this year. Some years ago when the Aus- tralian treaty was before the house I voted against it. The provisions of that treaty were extended by order in council to New Zealand. I voted ,against the Australian treaty because I felt that the effect of the treaty on Iagriculture was not really considered. â€"â€"-__‘â€"-‘. g‘u The object was to get a market for automobiles. and pulpwood. and the interests of the farmer were not con- sidered either one way or the other. The effect of the Australian treaty and of the New Zealand trade agreement on the farmers of this country has been bad. but it has been bad psychologically rather than materially. I doubt very much if the farmer has sufiered so much from the treaty as he thinks he has and as the Conservative party has helped him to believe he has, but he has got it firmly placed in his mind that he has been very badly used. No doubt iarmers everywhere in this country think that. The creameries in every province have been sending word to their patrons with ‘every cheque that the Australian treaty and the New Zealand trade agreement have lowered the price of butter and that it is a very bad thing for the farmer, and so the farmer has had that idea firmly placed in his mind, and the only way to make him happy is to abrogate the treaty. I congratulate the government for do- ing that, though the reason they do it and the reason why I want it done are ”Vi ‘u-vv vâ€"â€"v wvâ€" _ that they are taking that action. Sup- pose that after the treaty is abrogated the price of butter does increase. The production of butter will also increase, because I have noticed that farmers always speed up production when it pays them to speed it up. So it the price goes up they will produce more but-tel, and when production gets to the point where we become exporters of butter we must meet the world price for butter, and down the price goes. So I would say to the farmers of Can- ada, if I may presume to do so, the; they want to be very careful not to sell themselves into the protectionist camp for something which they think will be of real benefit to them but which really- will not be, because they will have to pay out so much more than they get that they will be paying too much for their protectionist whistle. The government is bringing in coun- tervailing duties. While it may sound better to call them-that, I agree with the Conservatives that it is really a brick for brick policy, so far as the bricks go; at least, it works out that way. But if we are going .to have countervailing duties between Canada and the Uni-ted States, why not include in the list of commodities to which the countervailing duties are going to ap- ply. not only agricultural products, but industrial products? Why not apply the countervailing duties all along the line. apply them to everything that we trade in with the United States? .Then if we really are low tariff in our sentiments, let us take off the specific duty, so that when you get the countervailing duty coming down it goes down all the way, just as well as when it counter- vails up it goes all the way up. I do think Canada has very much to gain by the extension of the Britten preference. And may _I pause here to say that I have been exceedingly amused and almost edmed by the change of the respective flags that eachpartywavee. Ituaedtobethat the liberalsâ€"well, we may start with the Conservatives, since they had more at the flag than their auditions! op- Possibly the best proof that protec- tion does not make the farmer prosper- ous is the condition of the American farmer. The proof that the tariff is not the' fundamental thing in that economics of agriculture that we once thought it was found in the fact that the farmers of the United States, where they have very high protection, the farmer in Great Britain, where they have free trade, and the farmer of Canada where we have high protection, low tariff and free trade all in the one budget, are all in a very bad way. ponedtsâ€"the Conservatives waved the Union Jack, and sometimes you could nottell whethertheremaComu-vu- lnthedayaslneethenrstotuaythe two partlee have swapped flags. and now the Conservatives have appmprlat- ed the Canadian ensign. while the Lib- erals have taken over the Union Jack. I do think. however. that it ls clear to all of us that Great Britain buys from us very much more than we buy from her, and that we buy from the United .Statea very much more mu: they buy from us, Pgr W. in Read The Classified Ads. on Page 7. M.ll””om Ofltoc ow Durham. Dental Sur m all 1 B .Mxll .l. B. umbwn k. C Tm clex OFFICE MBcth's 0610:. George E. Phone 4;! r Auc uon e promptly ”unwed Graduates ENSEMB Hosiery . Honor grl WedmN B Nichu Varsity Teacher. Inten (ii alter at Inform: Mined hc‘u an Licensed ‘ flea mm “as am DUR Ll (‘ A Barr A11