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The most up-to-date recommenda- tions for smut control are found in Bulletin No. 81â€"New Series, issued by the Dominion Botanlst. Central Experl- mental Farm. Ottawa. Treatments are given as follows: "Wheat Bunt. Loose Smut of Oats and covered Smut of Bar- hyâ€"The solution is prepared by add- ing one pound of farmalin to 40 gal- lons of water and stirring till the for- mnn and water are well mixed to- Smut diseases cause considerable loses to grain crops in Eastern Canada, being especially detrimental to oats and barley. Satisfactory methods of control of these diseases have, how- ever, been devised by the Division of Botany of the Dominion Experimental ticular smut disease should submit samples to the nearest Dominion Lab- oratory of Plant Pathology where cor- rect diagnosis will be made and the proper control measures described. In seeking to control smuts, it should be understood that smut on barley is not the same as smut on wheat, and loose smut of wheat diflers very great- ly from bunt or stinking smut. Persons in doubt as to the identity of any par- SMITT DISEASES 0F GRAIN IN EASTERN CANADA Chemistry can be of value in many; and diverse ways and whatever of in-i formation this science can disclose in‘ regard to farming Operations and pro-.4 ducts, is at the service of those who? ask it. Determination of the nutritive; value of feeding stuffs and advice asi to their value and use is being given daily. Further, directions as to the choice and amount of fertilizer required 5' for special cr0ps in answer to cones-3 pondents constitutes a large and im-‘ portant feature of the chemical work.' Many materials tofmn commercial by-; products) hitherto unused but believed to have potentialities as feeds or fernl tilizers are examined and their value; reported upon. Science is steadily J crowding out haphazard. rule of thumb 1 methods of farming and to-day ration- : al. profitable farming has scientific . truths for its foundation. . “TELLING TOM MY” Little pigs can digest only low-fibre feeds.» Frequently, too frequently in- deed, mill products with oat hulls are sold for pig feeding which if used can only result in serious digestive distur- bancets to the young pigs. The fibre content of feeds is a determination made daily in the chemical laborator- ies and is one which has far-reaching consequences. In these days of feeds prepared specifically for animal of dif- ferent ages. purposes and living condi- tions, a fodder analysis which includes the esimation of protein. fat, fibre and mineral content often serves to show deficiencies. lack of balance or exces- sive cost in the rations and can be used to remedy these unnecessary and often costly faults. ience of handling such materials, ac- cumulated data and the daily contri- bution to those data all contribute to the efliciency of this service, free to agriculturists. This assistance, rendered to corres- pondents from the Atlantic to the PI- ciflc can perhaps be demonstrated by citing examples. Throughout the fruit belts. hapes of a crop are increasingly dependent upon death-dealing insecti-' cides. Sometime ago a sample of a much advertised “Death to potato in- sects" was sent to the Chemical Lab- oratories. On analysis this proved to be common salt. dyed an impressive purple. an application of which would only lend savor to the insects' meal. Another sample. labelled “Lead Arsen- ate" and sold as an insecticide proved to be essentially calcium sulphateâ€"a chemical that bugs would laugh at. PAGE 6 ‘ NEWS AND INFORMA TION FOR THE BUSY FARMER 0:;3 cf the services onered by the Doanicn Experimental Farms system to the farming public. is that of ad- vice and iniormation regarding the quality. suitability and use 0! products pertaining to successful agricultureâ€" feeds, soils, fertilizers. insecticides, farm supplies of water, etc. Years of exper- CHEMISTRY AS AN All) By Pim (Furnished by Provincial and Dominion Departments of Agriculture) T0 AGRICULTURE Farm are such. The Pickaninny has a slightly bluish tinge when young, and is of delicious quality quite equal to Golden Bantam. Banting is a very early yellow corn of good quality. These valuable originations make it possible for thousands of Canadians to grow their own fresh fruits and vege- tables who were previously unable to do so owing to the longer season re- quired by the older sorts. Of all vegetables, corn is, perhaps, the most popular, after potatoes, and ev. eryone looks forward eagerly to the corn season. The Golden Bantam corn is the most p0pular variety and, right- ly so, but, if one can have corn as good in quality as Golden Bantam 'but two weeks sooner, he will not be without it. The Pickaninny and Banting var- ieties originated at the Exerimental After a long winter, there is a great craving for something with acidity, hence there is much demand for rhu- .barb. not only on this account, but be- .cause it is the first edible product from :the soil in the spring. There is a great 3 difference in rhubarb from the green. rcoarse. stringy variety to the attrac- tive. fine grained sort, known as Ruby, :originated at the Experimental Farm. .and considered to be the best rhubarb ion the market. and already very popu- i lar. Not only is it red on the outside. ,but it is red all the way through the; lstalk. and makes such an attractive? sauce that even those who do not care jmuch for rhubarb are tempted to eatj lit. It is as much better than some of‘ .the old green varieties as the Melba. apple is better than .the Duchess of Oldenburgh. Here again is a product of the Experimental Farm which fills a long felt want. Up to quite recently those who were eager to eat a sum- mer apple. after being without one so long, had to depend on such sour sorts as Yellow Transparent. Red Astrachan ‘ and Duchess. which were not at all ‘ conducive to a large consumption of : apples but in the Melba there is an ‘ apple of Duchess season equal to Mc- 3 Intosh in qualityâ€"an attractive lus- 1 cious apple of high flavor giving a crav- ‘ ing for more. This is appreciated by I the slot machine vendors who are eager ' to get Melba to open the season for their machines. I i I l Canadians like good things to eat and desire to have them at all seasons of the year. This has been kept in mind by the breeders of new fruits and vege- tables in the Horticultural Division at the Experimental Farm. Ottawa, and the aim has been to' originate, if pos- sible, something better than was yet available. and good success has follow- ed these efforts. BETTER FRUITS AND VEGE- TABLES FOR CANADIAN TABLES ! Loose smut of wheat and loose smut ’or barley are controlled by the hot water treatment as follows: “First the seed is soaked in warm water (86 de- grees Fahrenheit) for four hours and then the swollen grain is immersed for ten minutes in water kept during this time at a constant temperature not be- low 122 degrees Fahrenheit and not above +26 degrees Fahrenheit." ; "The grain to be treated is placed in fa pile on a clean floor and sprinkled f’with formalin solution from an ordin- ary sprinkling-can or by means of a ‘broom. The grain is then shovelled 'over into another pile the grain being granted as thoroughly as possible to dis- tribute the moisture. The grain is again sprinkled and shovelled over. This op- eration is repeated until the grain is uniformly moistened. Forty gallons of solution will treat from 40 to 50 bush- els of grain approximately one gallon to every bushel. The treated grain should be covered up for four hours with clean sacks or canvas.” gether. Since this quantity of liquid may be greater than is required for use in a single day anay desired amount may be prepared in the above propor- .tions by adding one ounce of tarma- iin to every 21-; gallons of water." Mary had a little lamb, Given by a friend to keep; It followed her around until It died from loss of sleep. Continued from page 3.) The agricultural estimates this year relief is provided. It might also be pointed out that from information ob- tained, it is likely the federal author- ities will assume one half of the cost of direct relief. which will make it much easier for the provinces and the mun- icipalities to finance their share. It seems now. and is practically admitted on the' Government side. that they have nothing whatsoever to offer outside of the direct dole to cOpe with the unem- ployment situation. For the mixed farm, general purpose breeds such as the Plymouth Rocks, which are good both for laying and for the production of market poultry, are recommended. A flock of a hundred such birds carefully managed are re- turning to many a farmer a profit over cost of feed from $200 to $500 a year, which is something not to be disdained by even the most successful farmer.” i “Poultry is at last definitely recog- nized as one of the essential depart- ments of every up-to-date farm where a program of mixed farming is carried on, states George Robertson, Assistant Dominion Poutrly Husbandman. Not only is it recognized as a necessary de- partment of farm work but more and more farmers are coming to realize that for the capital invested and la- bor involved theree are few, if any, departments that give as high returns. MISS MACPHAIL’S LETTER POULTRY “'INS A PLACE IN FARM MANAGEMENT bec: Mr. and Mrs. Frank Hopkins and Shirley spent a day the first of the week with friends at, Aberdeen. Miss Dorothy Miller, Durham, was a visitor on Sunday with Mr. and Mrs. James Miller. ' Mr. and Mrs. George Searles and Mr. and Mrs. Archie Searles, of Guelph, visited this week. with Mr. Wm. Hill. Mr. and Mrs. Doug. Clark and fam- ily were guests the first of the week with Mr. and Mrs. Walter Clark, Zion. Mr. J. W. McKechnie visited this week with his cousin,_Mr. Donald Mc- Kechnie, Crawford. who met with an accident which will confine him to bed for a few days. Miss Helen Watson and Muriel Spent the week-end with friends in Toronto. Mr. and Mrs. Will Bell visited friends in Berkley recently. Old friends and neighbors here are very sorry to hear of the serious illness of Mrs. Thos. Bell and hope she may soon regain her old time vigor. Mr. Allister Lawrence arrived home and is recovering nicely from the ef- fects of his accident. Rocky Saugeen (Our Own Correspondent) The U. P. W. 0. held their monthly meeting at the home of Mrs. Stewatr McArthur, with a fair attendance. The president, Mrs. Neil McLean, was in the chair and opened the meeting with singing, followed by the Creed in unl- son. After the business a splendid pro- gram was enjoyed. The next meeting will be held at the home of Mrs. Neil Rev. Mr. McQueen. Dunnville, will occupy the pulpit here next Sunday. We hope for a good attendance. GRASS HELPS KILL “'EEDS THE DURHAM CHRONICLE The farmers' debts and interest are fixed in terms of dollars. He can only pay this debt through the sale of his commodities. At present price levels the burden of his debt, interest and taxes has been increased from two to three times. Prices of farm commodities must be raised or his debts reduced. The farmers’ debts cannot be paid at the amount to $6,600,000, yet out of this vast sum only $8.600 is spent on the [economic branch which has as one of {its activities assistance to co-operation. For too long the task of the Depart- 'ment of Agriculture has been to make two blades of grass grow where one grew before. The farmer was told that all he needed to do was to produce quality products; but today no matter what quality of product he may pro- duce, he is selling it for less than the cost of production. The farmers sell as unorganized individuals to a highly or-l ganized world; they buy as unorgan-i ized individuals from an organized‘ world and they are getting badlyI smashed up in the process. The farm- ers' problem today is economic and the Department of Agriculture should dol everything it can to assist co-operation. The major part of the expenditure should be made to assist the farmers, in processing their products and mar- : keting them in the most efficient wayt possible. Experts could be sent out to help farmers organize co-operative as- sociations; to establish a system of cost accounting and to create a fund enab- ling co-Operative organizations that were well organized to borrow money for long terms at low rate of interest. Garafraxa St., Durham Tomatoes ...................................... lb. 14c New Carrots .................. 2 bunches 19c Cucumbers .............................. each 100 A“ Special Prices good until next Thursday present price levels. If the Govern- ment could be persuaded to put Can- adian currency on a par with the Brit- ish pound sterling. the price of Can- adian farm products would be increased by twenty percent. With commodities worth less in Canadian currency than they are in British currency. our farm- ers' are losing money on every pound of beef, bacon, butter and cheese sold in Great Britain. A few months ago the House of Commons regarded such DURHAM Let Us Quote On Your Next Order Counter Check Books Quality and Workmanship Guaranteed. The Chronicle We have them in all styles and sizes Pineapples .............. f. ............ large 22(- Medium .......................................... 170 Medium size Oranges, juicy doz. 35c mu ARE YOU 50 cam ABOUI .HOODPECKERS. BUN 9 BECAUSI 1 ALWAYS UK! to Stt A mum 1m USES ms HEAD. statements as these I have just made. as ridiculous; little by little they are coming round to the idea. If the farm- ers of Ontario together with the farm- ers of other provinces could persuade the Government to bring our currency to a parity with the pound sterling. they would be doing a great service not only to themselves. but to Canada as a whole, for until the farmers have put- chasing power, there will be no return to prosperity in this country. Phone 58 ON T.