The earliest town description of Smiths Falls in directories and gazetteers appeared in 1846. The local history information revealed agricultural, economic and religious insights about the community.
The 1846 Smith's Canadian gazetteer described Smiths Falls as a flourishing village that is pleasantly situated on the Rideau River and the canal. Smiths Falls and Montague were then a part of North Elmsley township in the Bathurst District.
Smiths Falls's 700 citizens enjoyed a fairly large number of services - three doctors, six groceries, seven stores, seven tailors, eleven shoemakers, three carpenters, six blacksmiths and two taverns. The Rideau River powered Smiths Falls's two grist mills and two saw mills.
Farming was the mainstay of Montague Township and gazetteer noted that many of the farms were well-cultivated. The township supported almost three times the population of Smiths Falls and most of the residents were of Scottish ancestry.
From 1822 to 1849 Upper Canada designated Smiths Falls and Montague Township as a part of North Elmsley Township in the Bathurst District. In 1850 the jurisdiction of Bathurst District was changed to United Counties of Lanark and Renfrew.